PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
Distributional effects
of public education transfers in seven European countries, T. Callan,
T. Smeeding and P. Tsakloglou,
Economic
and Social Research Institute,
Dublin, Working Papers, n°
207, 45 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary : Empirical studies of
inequality and poverty are usually based on disposable cash incomes,
disregarding incomes in-kind (non-cash incomes). Since individuals also derive
utility from the consumption of goods and services provided in-kind monetary
income is not always a good indicator of an individual’s utility or “command
over resources”. Thus, distributional analysis based on cash incomes may be
seriously biased. Inclusion of non-cash incomes (arising from private sources or
from public provision of services such as health, housing and education) may
allow for better targeting and allocation of resources in fighting poverty and
social exclusion. The present paper focuses on non-cash incomes arising from
publicly provided education in seven European countries (Belgium, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK), as part of a broader
research project (AIM-AP Accurate Income Measurement for the Assessment of
Policy) investigating the distributional implications of including elements of
non-cash income in the measurement of wider resources. In all countries under
examination public education transfers account for a considerable proportion of
the total transfers of the state to the citizens. The paper uses static
incidence analysis under the assumption that public education transfers do not
create noticeable externalities, combining the information of existing
nationwide income surveys with external information on spending per student in
particular levels of the education system. In all countries public education
transfers are found to reduce aggregate inequality. These effects are driven by
the impact of primary and, especially, secondary education transfers at the time
of their receipt and assuming benefits are valued at cost by recipients. In a
static framework, transfers in the field of tertiary education appear to have a
small distributional impact while the size and the sign of this impact depend on
the treatment of tertiary education students living away from the parental home.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Education and poverty : a critical review of theory,
policy and practice, C. Raffo and alii,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, London, September,
106 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
L'indépendance des jeunes adultes : chômeurs et inactifs
cumulent les difficultés, Y. Jauneau,
Insee,
Paris, Insee première, n° 1156, septembre, 4 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary :En 2005, environ 5 millions de jeunes âgés de 18 à
29 ans ne vivent plus chez leurs parents. Pour ces jeunes adultes, la pauvreté
en termes de « conditions de vie » est plus présente que dans l’ensemble de la
population. Les problèmes liés au logement sont fréquents et touchent même ceux
qui ont une situation financière confortable. Les retards de paiement et les
découverts bancaires sont eux aussi fréquents. En revanche, les jeunes
décohabitants ne déclarent pas plus de restrictions de leur consommation que le
reste de la population. Parmi les jeunes n’habitant plus chez leurs parents, les
chômeurs et les inactifs qui ne sont pas étudiants cumulent toutes les
difficultés. Au contraire, à autres caractéristiques égales, ceux qui ont déjà
un emploi stable et les couples sans enfants ont les situations les plus
favorables. Les difficultés financières vécues à l’adolescence ressurgissent
fréquemment chez les plus pauvres.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Inequality and the Anglo-American economic model,
G. Irvin,
Icer, Torino, Working paper, n° 26/2007, 54 p., (2007).
Résumé – Summary : The rollback of the state and the redistribution
initiated during the Reagan- Thatcher period in the US and Britain has resulted
in these countries being the least egalitarian in the OECD, with wages
increasingly de-coupled from productivity growth and gains accruing to top CEOs.
The view that inequality is attributable solely to the new premium on human
capital is challenged; it is argued that inequality has resulted from mainly
from personal tax breaks and the corporate drive for ‘shareholder value’. The
social costs are evident from the sociological and epidemiological evidence.
Equally, inequality has helped fuel US consumer spending, facilitated by low
interest rates, holding gains and credit deregulation. The result is a ‘triple
deficit’. The risk is that by relying exclusively on market-led devaluation, a
crisis of confidence will result; righting financial imbalances requires not
merely a Plaza-type solution, but a major reversal in the growth of inequality.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis, Royaume-Uni /
United States, United Kingdom
.
Le politiche di sostegno delle responsabilità familiari e
di contrasto della povertà dieci anni dopo la Commissione Onofri :
l’irresistibile attrazione dei trasferimenti monetari,
P. Bosi,
Centro
di Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche, Modena, 16 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Dix ans d’emploi et de salaires 1997 - 2006,
M. Mosu Nasr et E. Simonneau,
Acoss, Paris, Acoss stat, n° 50, juillet, 6
p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
L’emploi régional dans les secteurs de haute technologie.
L’Ile de France en tête,
T. Meri,
Eurostat, Luxembourg,
Statistiques en bref, science et
technologie, n° 102, 8 p., (2007).
English version
"Regional employment in high-tech sectors. Île de France in the lead"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Working conditions surveys : A comparative analysis,
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions,
Dublin, 60 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
REVENU - INCOME
.
Les pratiques salariales des entreprises : plus de
diversification, davantage de primes de performance,
A. Brizard
et M. Koubi,
Dares, Paris, Premières informations, n°
37.1, septembre, 7 p.,
(2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
La dépendance des personnes âgées - éléments de travail,
L. Eslous, Inspection
générale des Affaires sociales,
La Documentation française, Paris, Rapport,
n° RM 2007 - 130 P, août,
23 p.,
(2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Did the decline in social capital decrease American
happiness ? A relational explanation of the happiness paradox, S.
Bartolini, E. Bilancini and M. Pugno,
Universita degli Studi di Siena, Siena,
Quaderni del dipartimento di economia politica, n° 513, agosto, 47 p., (2007).
Résumé – Summary : Most popular explanations of the happiness paradox
cannot fully account for the lack of growth in U.S. reported well-being during
the last thirty years (Blanchflower and Oswald (2004.. In this paper we test an
alternative hypothesis, namely that the decline in U.S. social capital is
responsible for what is left unexplained by previous research. We provide three
main findings. First, we show that the inclusion of social capital does improve
the account of reported happiness. Second, we provide evidence of a decline in
social capital indicators for the period 1975-2004, confirming Putnam's claim
(Putnam (2000)). Finally, we show that failed growth of happiness is largely due
to the decline of social capital and, in particular, to the decline of its
relational and intrinsically motivated component.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
L'information des étudiants sur les débouchés des
formations et leur accompagnement vers l'insertion professionnelle,
T. Chalon et alii, Ministère de l'Enseignement
supérieur et de la Recherche,
La Documentation française, Paris, Rapport n° 2007-054, juin, 64 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Le nombre d’allocataires du RMI au 30 juin 2007,
S. Cazain et alii,
Drees,
Paris, études et résultats, n°
596, septembre, 4 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Social capital and its popularity, D.
Thompson,
Social Policy Research Centre, Sydney, A paper
presented at the ASPC, ‘Social policy through the life course’, University of
New South Wales, Sydney, 11-13 July, 8 p., (2007).
Résumé – Summary : The concept of ‘social capital’ has met with huge
success among governmental agencies, including governments themselves at all
levels and transnational entities such as the OECD and the World Bank, as well
as NGOs, academics, policy analysts, etc., in short, any and every institution
concerned with or about the well-being of populations. And yet the concept has
been subjected to a critique so devastating that it is difficult to understand
why it has been so popular. The paper investigates a number of the reasons given
in the literature for its popularity. These reasons are both admiring (e.g. it
broadens our understanding of community well-being beyond the economic – ABS),
and critical (e.g. 'a sort of capital- and capitalism-fetishism, by analogy with
commodity fetishism, reigns supreme' – Ben Fine). The paper will conclude by
suggesting that the question of why 'social capital' continues to prevail,
despite its dubious epistemological status, can most usefully be explored by
asking who stands to benefit (if anyone) from its continued usage.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Données internationales /
International data
.
La Sécurité sociale,
Cour
des Comptes, Paris, Rapport sur l'application des lois de financement
de la Sécurité sociale, septembre, 464 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
TVA sociale
.
Les effets redistributifs de la « TVA sociale » : un
exercice de microsimulation",
P. Courtioux,
EDHEC Business School,
Nice, EDHEC Position Paper, juillet, 19 p.,
(2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
étude
sur la possibilité d'affecter une partie de la TVA au financement de la
protection sociale en contrepartie d'une baisse des charge sociales pesant sur
le travail ?, C. Lagarde,
Portail du Gouvernement, Premier Ministre, Note
d'étape, septembre, 20 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
« TVA sociale »,
E. Besson, Secrétariat d’état chargé de
la Prospective et de l’évaluation
des politiques publiques,
septembre, 157 p.,
(Annexes)
159 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
La TVA sociale, pourquoi, comment, et après ?,
A. Bernard, Conseil général des Ponts et Chaussées,
La Documentation française, Paris, 35 p.,
(2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France