PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
The impact of poverty on young children's experience of
school,
G. Horgan,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London, November, 78 p., (2007)
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Poverty and social exclusion: two sides of the same coin
or dynamically interrelated processes ?,
F. Devicienti and A. Poggi,
Laboratorio Ricardo Revelli,
Torino, Working paper, n° 62, november, 42 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary : There is growing interest in the analysis and measurement
of social exclusion, to complement the static and dynamic literature on income
poverty. On theoretical grounds, social exclusion and income poverty are seen as
different processes, but with closely interrelated dynamics. However, our
empirical understanding of the way these two processes dynamically interact at
the individual level is still very limited. To shed some light on the issue, we
use a dynamic bivariate probit model, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity
and Wooldridge (2005)-type initial conditions. Both first and second order
Markov dynamics are examined. We estimate the model using the Italian sample of
the ECHP, waves 1-8, and find a sizable extent of state dependence in both
poverty and social exclusion. Moreover, there are dynamic cross-effects,
implying that poverty and social exclusion are mutually reinforcing. Social
policies aimed at eradicating poverty and avoiding individuals’ social and
economic marginalization should take these interaction effects explicitly into
account. Keywords: poverty dynamics, social exclusion, state dependence, dynamic
bivariate probit model with random effects.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Rapport annuel 2007,
Banque Mondiale, Washington,
68 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Données internationales / International data
.
Social deprivation and exclusion of immigrants in Germany,
J. P. Haisken-DeNew and M. Sinning,
RWI Essen, Essen, Ruhr economic papers, n° 31,
41 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary
: This paper aims at providing empirical evidence on social exclusion of
immigrants in Germany.We demonstrate that when using a conventional definition
of the social inclusion index typically applied in the literature, immigrants
appear to experience a significant degree of social deprivation and exclusion,
confirming much of the economic literature examining the economic assimilation
of immigrants in Germany.We propose a weighting scheme that weights components
of social inclusion by their subjective contribution to an overall measure of
life satisfaction. Using this weighting scheme to calculate an index of social
inclusion, we find that immigrants are in fact as “included” as Germans. This
result is driven strongly by the disproportionately positive sociodemographic
characteristics that immigrants possess as measured by the contribution to their
life satisfaction.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Caring for America’s aging population : a profile of the direct-care workforce,
R. Baughman and K. Smith,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, Monthly labor
review, n° 9, September, 7 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Le chômage baisse depuis début 2006. Résultats de l’enquête Emploi,
S. Durier et alii,
Insee, Paris, Insee
première, n° 1164, novembre, 4 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Les dernières tendances du marché du travail :
Données au 2ème trimestre 2007,
F. Romans,
Eurostat, Luxembourg,
Données en bref, n° 21/2007, 8 p., (2007).
English version "Labour
market latest trends : 2d quarter 2007 data"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Forte progression du taux de reclassement en deux ans,
A. Bonnet, E. Jasaroski et O. Rodriguez,
Unedic,
Paris, Point'statis, n° 30, 4 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
The labor market for direct care workers,
R. Baughman and K. Smith,
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston,
Boston, Working paper, n° 07-4, November, 43 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary : As the baby boom
cohort nears retirement age, the question of how to provide necessary health
care and personal services to a growing elderly population has become a looming
policy problem. Beginning in 2020, the number of Americans over the age of 65
will surpass the number of primary providers of formal and informal long-term
care (women between the ages of 20 and 44). Perceptions of shortage and very
high turnover in today’s direct care labor market are compounding the potential
problem. This paper provides an overview of the labor market for direct care
workers in the United States, including comprehensive empirical analyses of wage
determination and labor supply, using panel data from the 1996 and 2001 Surveys
of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The paper describes the ways in
which public policy is expected to affect the direct care labor market and
empirically analyzes the wages, health insurance coverage, and employment
duration of direct care workers. The authors find both that wages of direct care
workers are quite low, with median starting wage of $7.96, and that spells of
employment with a given employer are short, averaging just under 10 months.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
REVENU - INCOME
.
Income mobility in the U.S. from 1996 to 2005,
Department of the Treasury,
Washington, November, 22 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Location decisions and minimum wages, I.
Méjean et L Patureau,
Cepii, Paris, Document de travail, novembre, n°
16, 37 p., (2007).
Résumé -
Summary : The paper contributes to the living debate
on the controversial effects of minimum wage policy on economic performances,
focusing on its impact on firms’ location choice. The question is investigated
through a theoretical model, that incorporates features from the new trade
literature (Krugman (1991)) and the labor-market literature. In a two-country
framework, we model endogenous entry of firms under wage rigidity. In this
setting, the impact of an unilateral increase in the home country’s minimum wage
is analyzed. The policy shock is shown to have a twofold influence on the
relative attractiveness of the home country, simultaneously affecting its
relative cost competitiveness and the aggregate demand addressed to firms. The
final effect on firms’ location decisions notably depends on the way skilled and
unskilled labor markets adjust. Our overall results suggest that the impact of
labor-market policies on firms’ location decisions have to be taken into account
when evaluating their whole consequences in the national economy.
Résumé en français
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays de l'OCDE / OECD countries
.
On the optimality of a minimum wage : New insights from optimal tax theory,
M. Hungerbühler et E. Lehmann,
Crest, Paris, Document de travail, n°
2007-17, 31 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : none
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
L’accueil collectif et en crèches
familiales des enfants de moins de 6 ans en 2006,
B. Bailleau,
Drees, Paris, Études et résultats, n° 608,
novembre, 8 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
. Les comptes de la protection
sociale en 2006, A. Bourgeois et M. Duée,
Drees,
Paris, Études et résultats, n° 609, novembre, 8 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
L'éducation et la formation tout au long de la vie au
service de la connaissance, de la créativité et de l'innovation,
Commission des
Communautés européennes,
Education et formation,
Bruxelles, novembre, 25 p., (2007).
English version "Delivering
lifelong learning for knowledge, creativity and innovation"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
L’enseignement supérieur en France : analyse économique
d’un effondrement (implosion) et des moyens d’une (re)naissance,
J-L. Gaffard,
OFCE, Paris, Lettre de l'OFCE, n° 292, novembre, 4 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Financement privé de l'éducation, inégalités et démocratie,
D. de la Croix et M. Doepke,
Institut de Recherches économiques et sociales de
l'Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain,
Regards économiques, n° 55, novembre, 6 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays de
l'OCDE / OECD countries
.
Indicateurs d'inégalités sociales in
France Portrait social. Edition 2007,
Insee, Paris, 8 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Pensions schemes and projection models in EU-25 member
states, Economic Policy Committee,
Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs,
Brussels, European economy, occasional papers, n° 35, November, 377 p., (2007).
Résumé - Summary : This paper reviews the
public pension schemes and the pension models used for the projections carried
out by the Economic Policy Committee and the European Commission on age-related
expenditure in 2005. The pension schemes are described as they were in force in
2005, including the effects of pension reforms enacted by mid-2005 even though
the implementation of reforms would occur over a longer period of time. This
reflects the practice applied in the projections as to what was included in the
projections. While the pension expenditure projections covered apart from public
pensions also statutory private funded pensions and in some countries
occupational pensions, the paper focuses primarily on public pension schemes.
These constitute the predominant part of pension expenditure in almost all
Member States and they were the primary target of the exercise. While a great
deal of the projection exercise was done in a centralised way, notably
population, labour force and macroeconomic projections, pension expenditure were
projected by national authorities by using their national models in order to
benefit of the country-specific knowledge on greatly differing pension systems
and to improve the accuracy of the projections for pensions. This paper aims at
contributing to the comparability of the pension projections across Member
States and to make the projections transparent and better understandable through
country-specific descriptions of the pension systems and the models used for the
projection exercise.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Quel budget de l'Union européenne au service de la
croissance et de l'emploi ?,
G. de La Loyère,
Conseil économique et social,
Paris, 103 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Rapport 2007, Observatoire national des
Zones
urbaines sensibles,
La Documentation française, Paris, 157 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Retraites : 20 fiches d'actualisation pour le rendez-vous
de 2008,
Conseil d'Orientation des Retraites, Paris,
Cinquième rapport, novembre, 208 p., (2007).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France