-
.
La cohésion sociale : séminaire 2007,
Conseil de
l'Emploi, des Revenus et de la Cohésion sociale, Paris, Dossier du Cerc, n° 3,
avril, 105 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
L’opulente Autriche, le salaire minimum et la pauvreté
?,
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Autriche / Austria
.
Children's perspectives on economic adversity : A review of the literature,
G. Redmond, Unicef,
Innocenti Research Centre, Florence, Discussion papers, n°
2008-01, March, 23 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
Dossier annuel de la MRIE 2008 : pauvretés, précarités,
exclusions,
Mission
régionale d'Information Rhône-Alpes sur l'Exclusion, Lyon,
Les dossiers de la MRIE, mars, 184 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Connecting supply and demand in Canada's youth labour market,
R. Brisbois,
L. Orton and R. Saunders,
Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ottawa, CPRN
research report, n° 8, April, 63 p. (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Canada
. « Former les personnes et favoriser
l’emploi » in
Pour des villes et des quartiers solidaires : l’activité économique au cœur
d’une nouvelle dynamique urbaine - Recommandations et propositions de la CCIP,
D. Dubrac,
CCIP, Paris, p. 30-43, (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
. Heures
supplémentaires : 2000 entreprises face à la loi Tepa,
Observatoire de la loi Tepa /
Fidal, Paris, Enquête, avril, 16 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
The (long) run out of unemployment: are temporary jobs the
shortest way?, F. Berton,
Laboratorio
R. Revelli, Moncalieri, Working paper,
n° 76, April, 20 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
: A higher job creation is a common result by many theoretical approaches
trying to model marginal labor market reforms. In the framework proposed by
Berton and Garibaldi [2006], in particular, the equilibrium arrival rate of
temporary job offers is expected to be higher than the arrival rate of permanent
ones. In this paper I use a sample of prime aged male workers from WHIP in a
competing risks framework in order to compare the duration of unemployment
spells terminated by jobs that only differ in their formal duration. I find that
the arrival rate of fixed term jobs is actually larger than the arrival rate of
permanent ones; this result is robust to the main sources of unobserved
heterogeneity. However, the average duration of unemployment in Italy is still
very high and the liberalization of flexible contracts as a policy to reduce it
did not completely solve the problem.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Italie / Italy
.
Monétisation jours de des RTT et déblocage de la participation ;
des effets limités sur le pouvoir d'achat,
Centre d'Etudes économiques et sociales du Groupe ALPHA,
Paris, ALPHA
études,
mars,
24 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Participation of unemployment benefit recipients in active labor market
programs : before and after the German labor market reforms,
G. Stephan and K. Zickert,
Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und
Berufsforschung, Nürnberg, IAB-discussion paper, n° 15/2008, 32 p., (2008)
Résumé - Summary
: Between 2005 and 2007 the German government raised a per-capita
amount of around 10.000 Euros for each transition out of unemployment benefit
receipt into basic social care, to be paid by the unemployment insurance. The so
called “Aussteuerungsbetrag” set strong incentives that investments in active
labor market programs for unemployment benefit recipients should pay off – in
terms of an exit from registered unemployment – before a transition into basic
social care for needy jobseekers occurred. This raised considerable public
concerns that less programs would be granted, in particular for hard-to-place
workers. Our paper analyzes if these concerns were justified. We compare four
cohorts, eligible for unemployment benefits at the beginning of their
unemployment spell during March of the years 2003 to 2006. We conduct some
descriptive analyses and estimate piecewise constant exponential hazard models
to investigate the correlation between individual characteristics and transition
rates into programs. The results show that transition rates into programs were
in fact low across the 2005 cohort, but rather high for the 2006 cohort. The
expectation that particular disadvantaged groups of unemployed would participate
less in active labor market programs in the postreform period is not confirmed;
their transition rates into programs were significantly higher across the 2006
cohort than in pre-reform cohorts.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Productivity, investment in human capital and the
challenge of youth employment in the global market. Comparative developments and
global responses in the perspective of school-to-work transition,
M. Tiraboschi and I. Senatori,
Fondazione Universitaria Marco Biagi,
Modena, Marzo, 33 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
: In an international and comparative perspective, access to the labour
market on the part of young people is a complex issue with certain contradictory
aspects reflecting the degree of development of labour law and industrial
relations in the respective countries. In the most advanced economies there has
been a steady increase in the age at which young people enter the labour market,
giving rise to significant economic and social problems. The increase in levels
of educational attainment is associated in some cases with an alarming rate of
unemployment among those with academic qualifications, while employers encounter
considerable difficulty in recruiting workers for unskilled and semi-skilled
positions. The economies of developing countries, on the other hand, are
characterised by different trends, that bring the mind the early stages of
modern labour law, with the large-scale exploitation of young workers and
children, many of whom join the flow of migrants towards the more highly
developed regions of the world, with the consequent risk of impoverishing human
capital in the country of origin. The question this paper aims to address is
whether there is a way to draw a connection between these two trends, in order
to overcome these imbalances in a global perspective.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Comparaisons internationales / International comparisons
.
Réformes du marché du travail en Allemagne : aucun effet sur l'emploi et
aggravation des déséquilibres en Europe,
C. Logeay et K. Rietzler,
Macroeconomic Policy Institute,
Düsseldorf, IMK working paper, n° 02/2008, 30 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Teachers' work patterns : when, where and how much do US teachers work, R.
Krantz-Kent,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, Monthly Labor Review, n° 3,
March, 8 p, (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
REVENU - INCOME
.
Les allocataires du minimum vieillesse,
N. Augris,
Drees, Paris, Études et résultats, n° 631,
avril, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Behavioural and welfare effects of basic income policies :
A simulation for European countries, U.
Colombino and alii,
Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic
economics, Torino, Working paper, n° 3, 30
p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
:
In this paper
we develop and estimate a micro-econometric model of household labour supply for
four European countries representative of different economies and welfare policy
regimes: Denmark, Italy, Portugal and United Kingdom. We then simulate, under
the constraint of constant net tax revenue, the effects of 10 hypothetical
tax-transfer reforms which include various alternative versions of a Basic
Income policy. We produce various indexes and criteria according to which the
reforms can be ranked. It turns out that in every country there are many reforms
that can improve upon the current status according to many criteria and that
might be “politically” feasible. Overall, the non means-tested policies have a
better performance and progressive tax rules are somehow more efficient than the
flat tax rules.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Characteristics of minimum wage workers : 2007,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, March, 13
p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
De l'influence du territoire sur les revenus des non-salariés,
F. Evain,
Insee, Paris, Insee première, n° 1185, avril, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
Education - formation
.
The century of education, C. Morrisson
et F. Murtin,
Paris-Jourdan Sciences économiques, Paris,
Document de travail, n° 2008 22, avril, 46 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
: This paper presents an historical database on educational
attainment in 74 countries for the period 1870-2010. We use data on total
enrolment in Primary, Secondary and at University to estimate average years of
schooling using perpetual inventory methods. Several difficulties arise due to
missing data. We use some simulations to assess the quality of schooling
estimates and show that most of them become reliable around 1900. Then, we
extend our series over the period 1960-2010 using Cohen and Soto (2007) database,
which relies mainly on surveys. The correlation between the two sets of average
years of schooling in 1960 is equal to 0.96. We use a measurement error
framework to merge the two databases while correcting a systematic measurement
bias in Cohen and Soto (2007); the latter comes from the fact that surveys
conducted in the 1990s were used to infer average schooling in 1960 without
taking into account differential mortality across educational groups. Basic
descriptive statistics show a continuous spread of education that has
accelerated in the second half of the twentieth century. We find evidence of
fast convergence in years of schooling for a sub-sample of advanced countries
during the 1870-1914 globalization period, and of modest convergence since 1980.
Less advanced countries have been excluded from the convergence club in both
cases.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
L'éducation pour tous en 2015. Un objectif accessible ?
Unesco,
Paris, Rapport 2008, 447 p., (2008)
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
Skill gaps in the EU : role for education and training policies,
B. Minne, M. van der Steeg and D. Webbink,
CPB
Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Hague, CPB document, n°
162, April, 60 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : Skill gaps are widely seen as a problem that lowers
aggregate productivity growth. A question for the European Commission is whether
and how governments should take action with education and training policies to
reduce skill gaps and make Europe the best performing region in the world.
European citizens can best decide for themselves on the type of education.
Distribution of information on occupation prospects is effective to influence
their choice of education. Moreover, it is important that the education system
is sufficiently flexible to absorb unexpected shocks in skill needs of employees.
Policies stimulating education targeted at government-assigned sectors are risky
policies. Intensification of general education at the cost of specific education,
and intensification of training of employees find little support.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Valeur du diplôme : Place et rôle dans les parcours
scolaires et professionnels,
T. Berthet et alii,
Céreq, Marseille, Net-doc, n° 37, mars, 256
p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Changes in the US financial system and the
subprime crisis,
J. Kregel,
The Levy Economics Institute,
Annandale-on-Hudson, Working paper, n° 530, April, 21 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
: This paper traces the evolution of housing finance in the United
States from the deregulation of the financial system in the 1970s to the
breakdown of the savings and loan industry and the development of GSE (government-sponsored
enterprise) securitization and the private financial system. The paper provides
a background to the forces that have produced the present system of residential
housing finance, the reasons for the current crisis in mortgage financing, and
the impact of the crisis on the overall financial system
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Comment les personnes dépendantes seront-elles entourées
en 2030 ? Projections européennes, J. Gaymu et l'équipe FELICIE,
Ined, Paris, Population et sociétés, n° 444, avril, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Comprendre la crise du
crédit structuré,
M. Aglietta,
Cepii, Paris, La
lettre du Cepii, n° 275, février, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis, Europe / United States,
Europe
.
European social model(s) and social Europe,
C. Mathieu et H. Sterdyniak,
OFCE, Paris, Document de travail, n° 2008-10, avril, 59 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Private supplemental health insurance: retirees' demand,
C. Franc, M. Perronnin et A. Pierre,
Irdes,
Paris, Document de travail, n° 9, avril, 16 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : In France, private health insurance, that supplements
public health insurance, is essential for access to health care. About 90% of
the population is covered by a private contract and around half of them obtain
their coverage through their employer. Considering the financial benefits
associated with group contracts compared to individual contracts, we assume that
the switching behaviors vary among different beneficiaries during the transition
to retirement. Indeed, despite a 1989 law, the gap in premiums increases at
retirement between group and individual contracts affords the opportunity to
study the marginal price effect on switching behaviors. In this study, we
consider the nature of the contract prior to retirement (compulsory or voluntary
membership group contract and individual contract) as an indirect measure of the
price effect. We focus on its role and check for a large number of individual
characteristics that may influence the new retirees' health insurance demand.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Retour sur la crise du subprime,
P. d'Arvisenet,
BNP Paribas, Paris, Conjoncture, avril, 8
p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis, Europe / United States, Europe
.
Quelles solidarités européennes faut-il renforcer face aux
défis de la mondialisation ?, A. Cuillé,
Conseil économique et social,
La Documentation française, Paris, Avis
et rapports, n° 11, avril, 88 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : La Stratégie de Lisbonne, adoptée en mars 2000 par les
chefs d'Etat et de gouvernement, fixait à l'Europe l'objectif de devenir «
l'économie de la connaissance la plus dynamique et la plus compétitive du monde
», capable d'une croissance économique durable et d'une plus grande cohésion
sociale. En dépit de cette ambition affichée, le rapport constate que le chemin
à parcourir pour peser davantage dans l'économie mondiale reste encore long et
ce, malgré la révision de la Stratégie dans le sens d'un recentrage autour des
objectifs de productivité, d'emploi, du respect de l'environnement. Après le
Traité de Lisbonne signé le 13 décembre 2007 et à l'occasion de la présidence
française de l'Union européenne au second semestre 2008, le CES appelle à
conférer un élan renouvelé à l'Union européenne, notamment en abordant la
mondialisation comme un défi à relever et non plus comme une menace
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Retour de flamme : Perspectives 2008-2009 pour l'économie mondiale,
OFCE,
Paris, Lettre de l'OFCE, n° 299, avril, 8 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
Social capital in the North East : how do we measure up ?, K. Schmuecker,
IPPR, London, April, 59 p., (2008).
Zone géographique /
Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Une stratégie européenne pour la mondialisation : rapport
en vue de la Présidence française du Conseil de l'Union européenne,
L. Cohen-Tanugi, Centre d'Analyse
stratégique,
La Documentation française, Paris,
avril, 330 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : Le rapport sur « L'Europe dans la mondialisation »,
préparé par Laurent Cohen-Tanugi, a été réalisé à la demande de Christine
Lagarde, ministre de l'Economie, de l'industrie et de l'emploi et de Xavier
Bertrand, ministre du travail, des relations Sociales, de la famille et de la
solidarité en novembre 2007 afin de faire le point sur la mise en oeuvre de la
stratégie de la Lisbonne et d'initier une réflexion sur les grands enjeux liés
de la construction européenne dans le contexte de la mondialisation alors que la
France s'apprête à présider l'Union Européenne. Ce rapport est le résultat de
très larges consultations menées en France et dans l'Union Européenne, avec les
partenaires sociaux, des organismes d'études indépendants, des universitaires,
de nombreuses personnalités du monde économique et social ainsi que les
institutions européennes et certains états membres
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe