PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
Change of norm? In-work poverty in a comparative
perspective.
I. Airio,
Kela, Helsinki, Studies in social
security and health, n° 92, 137 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Comparaisons internationales / International comparisons
.
The circumstances of persistently poor families with
children : Evidence from the Families and Children Study (FACS),
M. Barnes, A. Conolly and W. Tomaszewski,
Department for Work and Pensions, London, Research report, n° 487,
May, 100 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Les emplois titres-services : marche-pied ou chaussetrappe pour les personnes
pauvres ?,
T. Martin et H. Termote,
Service de Lutte contre la Pauvreté et
l'Exclusion sociale, Bruxelles, L'observatoire, n° 56, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Belgique / Belgium
.
Europeanisation of inequality and European reference
groups, C. T. Whelan and B. Maître,
ESRI,
Dublin, Working paper, n° 235, April, 31 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
:
In this paper we take advantage of the recent availability of EU-SILC data
to contribute to the recent debate relating to the Europeanisation of reference
groups. Our analysis addresses both weak and strong versions of the thesis. The
former proposes that common standards of what is an acceptable level of
participation in one’s own society emerge as a consequence of knowledge of
conditions in other societies. The latter argues that people increasingly
perceive themselves as part of a larger European stratification. Our analysis
leads us to reject both versions of the thesis. Material deprivation rather than
having a uniform effect is highly dependent on national context. In
circumstances where the Europeanisation of inequality is raising issues relating
to both national and transnational forms of legitimacy, it is important to
understand that there is no necessary relationship between such Europeanisation
and the Europeanisation of reference groups.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
On public support for working parents,
Z.
Kravchenko,
Luxembourg Income Study, Luxembourg, LIS working paper, n° 479,
May, 16 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
:
Families with children appear among both the “traditional” and “new” poor in
Russia. On one hand, having one or more dependent household members has
traditionally been recognised as an economic risk. On the other hand, working
parents of young children are often among those “employed poor” which constitute
one of the specific characteristics of the Russian poverty. Family policy is
constituted by both selective and universal means of social provision. It is
aimed at (1) poverty relief and (2) managing socialeconomic risks resulting from
a role conflict related to individual’s duties as workers and caregivers. This
study is aimed to explore the transformation of the structure of family policy
provision from the early 1990s to early 200 s, expressed by changes in criteria
for eligibility and levels of provision, as well as in effects on poverty levels
among families with children. It will be focused on two elements of family
policy – parental leave regulations and financial transfers.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Russie / Russia
.
Poverty facts : 2004,
The Urban Institute, Washington, 15 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Profil de la pauvreté 2004 /
Poverty profile 2004,
National Council of Welfare, Ottawa, April, (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Canada
.
A quarter century of economic inequality in Canada : 1981-2006,
L. Osberg,
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternative, Toronto, April, 46 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Canada
.
Le rapport de l'Observatoire national de la pauvreté et de
l'exclusion sociale 2007-2008, Paris,
La Documentation française,
Paris, 208 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : Après un rappel méthodologique de la mesure de la
pauvreté selon onze indicateurs centraux retenus par l'Observatoire, cohérents
avec les critères européens, (taux de pauvreté monétaire, mesure de l'intensité
de la pauvreté, taux de pauvreté de la population en emploi, pauvreté en
conditions de vie, évolution annuelle du nombre d'allocataires de minima sociaux
d'âge actif, taux de persistance dans le RMI, indicateurs d'exclusion ; taux de
renoncement aux soins pour des raisons financières, taux de sortants à faible
niveau d'études, taux de demandeurs d'emploi non indemnisés, part des demandes
de logement social non satisfaites après un an), le rapport met en évidence une
aggravation de la situation des plus pauvres et de fortes disparités régionales
: Nord et Est de la France, pourtour méditerranéen et départements d'Outre-mer.
L'étude porte ensuite plus particulièrement sur les trajectoires des personnes
touchées par la pauvreté et l'exclusion au regard des trois thèmes que sont :
les minima sociaux, l'emploi et le logement. L'isolement des jeunes, des
familles monoparentales et des personnes âgées apparaît comme un facteur clé
d'entrée ou de sortie dans la pauvreté. La dernière partie du rapport prolonge
les travaux relatifs à l'accès aux droits engagés les années précédentes par une
réflexion plus générale sur la relation entre droit et pauvreté. Cette partie
met aussi en lumière un décalage entre l'affirmation de droits universels et la
multiplicité de dispositifs spécifiques et de prestations conditionnelles.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
When consumption creates social capital : Creating room for manoeuver for
pro-poor policies,
L. Becchetti and M. Michetti,
Ecineq, Palma de
Mallorca, Working paper, n° 2008-88, May, 35 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary :
Economic interactions are sometimes accused to be neutral, or even to
generate adverse effects on the social fabric and on a factor (social capital)
which is regarded as the foundation of the same socioeconomic activity and
prosperity. In this paper we document how a particular form of economic
interaction (affiliation of marginalised producers to a first level association
and to the fair trade import channel) has indeed positive effects on a specific
type of social capital. Our findings on a sample of Kenyan farmers show that
years of affiliation to fair trade significantly affect participation to
elections and trust on trade unions, political parties and the government, net
of the impact of other controls and after accounting for the selection bias
effect. This implies that consumers buying fair trade products contribute to
reinforce social cohesion and institutions in countries in which these variables
are fundamental to create room for manoeuver for pro-poor (equity plus growth)
policies.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Kenya
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
The effect of unemployment benefit II sanctions on reservation wages, J.
Schneider,
Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg,
IAB-discussion paper, n° 19/2008, 65 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Expenditure on labour market policies : 2005,
S. Gagel,
Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus,
population and social conditions, n° 45/2008, 12 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Le faux consensus sur l'emploi des séniors,
G. Huyez-Levrat,
Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi, Noisy le Grand,
Rapport de recherche, n° 44, mai, 61 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis : une
mise en perspective avec la France et la Suède,
H. Périvier,
OFCE, Paris, Document de travail, n° 2008-12,
avril, 46 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis, France, Suède / United States, France, Sweden
.
La formation continue dans les entreprises européennes.
Premiers pas vers une homogénéisation,
A. Checcaglini et I. Marion-Vernoux,
Céreq, Marseille, Bref Céreq, n° 251; avril, 4 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Mind the gap : Women's and men's quality of work and
employment : background paper,
European Foundation for the Improvement of
Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, 11 p., April, (2008)
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Les politiques des entreprises en matière de certification
et l'utilisation de la validation des acquis de l'expérience,
M-C. Combes et alii,
Ires, Noisy le Grand, Document de travail, n°
02-08, février, 204 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Working conditions of an ageing workforce,
C. Villosio and alii,
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions,
Dublin, 70 p., May, (2008)
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
REVENU - INCOME
.
Are we living beyond our
means ? A comparison of France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom ?,
E. Khoman and M. Weale,
National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, NIESR discussion
paper, n° 311, April, 42 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary
:
This paper
explores the savings needs of France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom on the
assumption that each cohort is self-sufficient. Cross-section profiles for
labour income and consumption (taking public and private consumption together)
are used. They are adjusted for trend growth with the consumption profile being
scaled so that the life-time budget constraint for the youngest cohort is met.
Rent from land is found to be important to the calculations. The income and
consumption profiles are used to calculate the required wealth holding of each
older cohort. Savings and wealth holding figures are calculated by age and
population data are used to aggregate them for the whole population. Savings
rates are found to be lower than those required and holdings of produced wealth
are inadequate to pay for current consumption patterns by the current adult
population in all four countries. The United Kingdom faces particularly acute
problems. The impact of rising survival rates and of longer working life is also
explored.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France, Espagne, Italie, Royaume-Uni / France, Spain, Italy, United
Kingdom
.
Pay inequality in Turkey in the neo-liberal era : 1980-2001,
A. Y. Elveren and J. K. Galbraith, University of Texas, Inequality project,
Austin, Working paper, n° 49, April, 41 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Turquie / Turkey
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
La situation économique mondiale au printemps
2008, A. Fortin,
DGTPE, Paris, Trésor-éco, n° 36, mai, 8 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
Social protection in the European Union, A.
Petrasova,
Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus,
population and social conditions, n° 46/2008, 12 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe