PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
Anti-poverty transfers without riots in Tunisia,
C. Muller, Institut
d'Economie publique, Marseille, Documents de travail, n° 68, 27 p.,
(2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Tunisie / Tunisia
.
Are lone mothers responsive to policy changes ? The effects
of a Norwegian workfare reform on earnings, education and poverty,
C. Pronzato and M. Mogstad,
Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic
economics, Torino, Working paper, n° 14, 34
p.,
(2008).
Résumé - Summary : The generous Nordic model of
welfare is commonly viewed as an exceptional success, in terms of both equality
and economic growth. However, it recently became evident that subgroups of the
population with weak labour market attachment and high welfare dependency, such
as lone mothers, were vastly overrepresented among the poor. This prompted a
workfare reform of the Norwegian welfare system for lone mothers. First, work
and educational requirements were imposed, though only for lone mothers whose
youngest child was at least three years old. Second, the upper age limit for the
youngest child receiving benefit was reduced and time limits on welfare
participation were introduced. Third, the maximum benefit amount was increased
by 19 per cent. To evaluate the reform we introduce an estimator that accounts
for the fact that policy changes are typically phased in gradually rather than
coming into full effect immediately. In the case of transitional benefit reform,
in fact, phase-in provisions were introduced so that lone mothers who had
applied for and were entitled to benefits before 1998 could continue to receive
them under the pre-reform rules for up to three years. The existence of such a
phase-in period is not a feature specific to the policy evaluation carried out
in this paper; indeed, a gradual phase-in of policy changes appears to be the
rule rather than the exception in many OECD countries. The results were striking:
the workfare reform has not only led to increased earnings and educational
attainment – in the process lowering welfare caseloads and therefore easing the
government’s financial burden – but also reduced poverty.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Norvège / Norway
.
Droit et pauvreté,
P. du Cheyron et D. Gélot,
Observatoire national de la Pauvreté et de l'Exclusion
sociale, Paris, Contributions
du séminaire ONPES, Drees-Mire 2007,
208 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
The GDP cost of the lost earning potential of adults who grew up in poverty,
J. Blanden, K. Hansen and S. Machin,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, London,
October, 27 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
The global joint distribution of income and health,
X. Wu, A. Savvides and T. Stengos,
The Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis,
Rimini, Working paper, n° 25, March, 40 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary : We
investigate the evolution of global welfare in two dimensions: income per capita
and life expectancy. First, we estimate the marginal distributions of income and
life expectancy separately. More importantly, in contrast to previous univariate
approaches, we consider income and life expectancy jointly and estimate their
bivariate global distribution for 137 countries during 1970 - 2000. We reach
several conclusions : the global joint distribution has evolved from a bimodal
into a unimodal one, the evolution of the health distribution has preceded that
of income, global inequality and poverty has decreased over time and the
evolution of the global distribution has been welfare improving. Our
decomposition of overall welfare indicates that global inequality would be
underestimated if within-country inequality is not taken into account. Moreover,
global inequality and poverty would be substantially underestimated if the
dependence between the income and health distributions is ignored.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Données internationales / International data
.
Pauvres parmi les pauvres ? Des femmes, J. Mossuz-Lavau,
Fondation Jean-Jaurès, Paris, Essai, 20 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Poverty across Europe : The latest evidence using the
EU-SILC survey,
O. Lelkes and E. Zolyomi,
European Centre
for
Social Welfare Policy and Research,
Vienna, Policy brief, October, 8
p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
The public service costs of child poverty,
G. Bramley and D. Watkins,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, London, October, 45
p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Social welfare, inequality and deprivation,
B. Magdalou and P. Moyes,
GREThA, Bordeaux, Cahiers du GREThA, n°
2008-23, 48 p., (2008).
Résumé
: Nous proposons une caractérisation du critère de satisfaction généralisée
-- ou encore dans notre terminologie d'absence de privation -- introduit par S.R.
Chakravarty (Keio Economic Studies 34 (1997), pour effectuer des comparaisons de
bien-être. Nous montrons que le quasi-ordre de non-privation vérifie une version
affaiblie du principe des transferts: le bien-être social augmente seulement
suite à des combinaisons spécifiques de transferts progressifs, qui imposent aux
individus contribuant au transfert d'être solidaires. Nous identifions la classe
des fonctions de bien-être social de Gini généralisé qui obéissent à ce principe
d'équité et nous montrons que l'unanimité des points de vue au sein de cette
classe conduit au même classement des distributions que le quasi-ordre de
non-privation. Nous étendons notre approche à la mesure de l'inégalité à partir
des indices éthiques d'inégalité relatifs et absolus.
Summary : We provide a
characterization of the generalised satisfaction -- in our terminology non-deprivation
-- quasi-ordering introduced by S.R. Chakravarty (Keio Economic Studies 34
(1997), for making welfare comparisons based on the absence of deprivation. We
show that the non-deprivation quasi-ordering obeys a weaker version of the
principle of transfers: welfare improves only for specific combinations of
progressive transfers which require that the same amount be taken from richer
individuals and allocated to one arbitrary poorer individual. We identify the
subclass of extended Gini social welfare functions that are consistent with this
principle and we show that the unanimity of value judgements among this class is
identical to the ranking of distributions implied by the non-deprivation quasi-ordering.
We extend the approach to the measurement of inequality by considering the
corresponding relative and absolute ethical inequality indices.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : None
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
25 ans de politique d’insertion des jeunes : quel bilan ?,
C. Dumont,
Conseil économique, social et environnemental,
Paris, Avis et rapports, octobre, 124 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Are over-educated people insiders or outsiders ? A case of
job search methods and over-education in UK,
A. Kucel and D. Byrne,
Economic and
Social Research Institute, Dublin, Working paper, n° 258, September,
25 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Les effets incitatifs de la prime pour l'emploi : une évaluation difficile,
M. Cochard et alii,
Insee,
Paris, économie et statistique, n°
412, octobre, 24 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Flux d'emploi et de main-d'œuvre en France : un réexamen,
C. Picart,
Insee, Paris, économie
et statistique, n° 412, octobre, 30 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Nearly 2% of EU-27 GDP spent on labour market policies in 2006, S.
Gagel,
Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus, population and social
conditions, n° 94/2008, 8 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
Quando la flessibilità diviene precarietà: una stima
sezionale e longitudinale,
E. Mandrone,
ISFOL,
Roma, Studi, n° 6, ottobre, 33 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Italie / Italy
.
La relation entre le niveau du salaire perçu et les
transitions d'emploi à emploi en France : une remise en cause des modèles de
recherche d'emploi ?,
A. Chéron et G. Ding,
Insee,
Paris, économie et statistique, n°
412, octobre, 20 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
. Systems for anticipation of skill needs in the EU member states,
Cedefop,
Thessaloniki, Cedefop working paper, n° 1, October, 40 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Teoria e prassi nell’attivazione dei disoccupati: il Patto
di servizio,
M. Marocco,
Fondazione Universitaria Marco Biagi,
Modena, Working paper, n° 64, 19 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Italie / Italy
.
Un modello di Osservatorio per il governo del sistema
delle professioni sociali e lo sviluppo dei servizi alla persona,
L. Fabrizi, P. Raciti e C. Ranieri,
ISFOL,
Roma, Studi, n° 4, maggio, 23 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Italie / Italy
.
Y a-t-il un avenir professionnel après 45 ans ? Rapport
sur les causes et remèdes au chômage des seniors,
J. Kossowski, 30 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
REVENU - INCOME
.
Gender pay gap lower in
large cities than in rural areas,
A. Busch and E. Holst,
DIW, Berlin, Weekly
report, vol. 4, n° 6, October, 6 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Highlights of women's earnings in 2007,
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, Report, n° 1008, October, 91 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Living wage laws : How much do (can) they matter ?, H. J. Holzer,
Institute
for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 3781, October,
40 p., (2008).
Résumé - Summary :
In this paper I review what we have learned about living
wage laws and their impacts on the wages, employment and poverty rates of
low-wage workers. I review the characteristics of these laws and where they have
been implemented to date, and what economic theory tells us about their likely
effects in more and less competitive labor markets. I then review two bodies of
empirical evidence: 1) Studies across cities or metropolitan areas that have and
have not implemented these laws, using data from the Current Population Survey
pooled over many years; and 2) Studies within particular cities, based on
comparisons of covered and uncovered workers before and after the laws are
passed. I conclude that living wage laws have modestly raised wage levels of low
wage workers and have reduced their employment at covered firms, but that the
magnitudes of both effects are likely quite small, given how few workers are
usually covered by these ordinances.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Minimum wages and poverty : Will the Obama proposal help the working poor ?,
J. Sabia and R. V. Burkhauser,
Employment Policies Institute, Washington,
September, 28 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
On-the-job search, minimum wages and labor market
outcomes in an equilibrium bargaining framework
C. Flinn and J. Mabli,
Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic
economics, Torino, Working paper, n° 16,
April, 53 p.,
(2008).
Résumé - Summary :
We look at the impact of
a binding minimum wage on labor market outcomes and welfare distributions in a
partial equilibrium model of matching and bargaining in the presence of
on-the-job search. We use two different specifications of the Nash bargaining
problem. In one, firms engage in a Bertrand competition for the services of an
individual, as in Postel-Vinay and Robin (2002). In the other, firms do not
engage in such competitions, and the outside option used in bargaining is always
the value of unemployed search. We estimate both bargaining specifications using
a Method of Simulated Moments estimator applied to data from a recent wave of
the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Even though individuals will be
paid the minimum wage for a small proportion of their labor market careers, we
find significant effects of the minimum wage on the ex ante value of labor
market careers, particularly in the case of Bertrand competition between firms.
An important futures goal of this research agenda is to develop tests capable of
determining which bargaining framework is more consistent with observed patterns
of turnover and wage change at the individual level.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : none
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
Le Japon face au déclin annoncé de sa population,
J. Véron,
Ined, Paris, Population et sociétés, n° 449, octobre, 4 p.,
(2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Japon
.
La situation économique et sociale en Allemagne un an avant les élections.
Bilan et perspectives,
M. Weinachter,
Ifri, Paris, Note du Cerfa, n° 56, octobre, 20 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Tarki European social report, Edited by I. György Tóth,
Tarki, Budapest,
131 p., (2008).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe