PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
The costs of raising children and the effectiveness of
policies to support parenthood in European countries : a literature review,
M-T. Letablier and alii,
Ined,
Paris, Document de travail, n° 158,
février, 162 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe
.
The distributional effects of tax-benefit policies under
New Labour : A Shapley decomposition,
O. Bargain, ISER,
Microsimulation Unit, Colchester, Euromod
working paper, n° EM2/09, March, 22 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
Using counterfactual microsimulations, Shapley
decompositions of time change in inequality and poverty indices make it possible
to disentangle and quantify the relative effect of tax-benefit policy changes,
compared to all other effects including shifts in the distribution of market
income. Using this approach also helps to clarify the different issues
underlying the distributional evaluation of policy reforms. An application to
the UK (1998-2001) confirms previous findings that inequality and depth of
poverty would have increased under the first New Labour government, had
important reforms like the extensions of income support and tax credits not been
implemented. These reforms have also contributed to substantially reduce poverty
among families with children and pensioners.
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
A new minimum benefit for low lifetime earners,
M. M. Favreault,
The Urban Institute, Washington, Retirement
policy program, March, 33 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Contribution of collective bargaining to continuing
vocational training,
M. Giaccone,
EIROline, Dublin,
Compartive study, February, 41 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Curare la precarietà : proposte per un dibattito,
F. Berton, M. Richiardi e S. Sacchi,
Laboratorio R. Revelli, Moncalieri, Working
paper, Aprile, n° 91, 26 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Italie / Italy
.
Disparités territoriales : effets et causes des
comportements des agents,
Insee,
Paris, Economie et statistique, n° 415-416, mars, (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
The effects of population structure on employment and productivity,
H. Boulhol,
OECD, Paris,
Economics department working papers, n° 684, 35 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Pays de l'OCDE / OECD countries
.
Les effets de l’accompagnement sur le retour à l’emploi,
D. Fougère, T. Kamionka et A. Prieto,
Crest, Paris, Document de travail, n° 32, janvier, 31
p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Do German welfare-to-work programmes reduce welfare and increase work ?,
M. Huber and alii,
Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA
discussion paper, n° 4090, March, 42 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
Many Western economies have reformed their welfare systems
with the aim of activating welfare recipients by increasing welfare-to-work
programmes and job search enforcement. We evaluate the three most important
German welfare-to-work programmes implemented after a major reform in January
2005 ("Hartz IV"). Our analysis is based on a unique combination of large scale
survey and administrative data that is unusually rich with respect to individual,
household, agency level, and regional information. We use this richness to allow
for a selection-on-observables approach when doing the econometric evaluation.
We find that short-term training programmes on average increase their
participants' employment perspectives and that all programmes induce further
programme participation. We also show that there is considerable effect
heterogeneity across different subgroups of participants that could be exploited
to improve the allocation of welfare recipients to the specific programmes and
thus increase overall programme effectiveness.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Flexicurity and atypical employment in Denmark,
T. Bredgaard and alii,
Centre for Labour Market Research, Aalborg,
Carma research paper, n° 2009:01, 28 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Danemark / Denmark
.
Labor contracts and flexibility : Evidence from a labor
market reform in Spain,
V. Aguirregabiria and C. Alonso-Borrego,
Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economia, Madrid, Working
paper, n° 09-18, February, 53 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper evaluates
the effects of a labor market reform in Spain that removed restrictions on
fixed-term or temporary contracts. Our empirical results are based on
longitudinal firm-level data that covers observations before and after the
reform. We posit and estimate a dynamic labor demand model with indefinite and
fixed-term labor contracts, and a general structure of labor adjustment costs.
Experiments using the estimated model show important positive effects of the
reform on total employment (i.e., a 3.5% increase) and job turnover. There is a
strong substitution of permanent by temporary workers (i.e., a 10% decline in
permanent employment). The effects on labor productivity and the value of firms
are very small. In contrast, a counterfactual reform that halved all firing
costs would produce the same employment increase as the actual reform, but much
larger improvements in productivity and in the value of firms.
Zone géographique / Geographical area :
Espagne / Spain
.
Quartiers défavorisés : relégation pour certains jeunes,
insertion sociale et professionnelle pour d'autres, T. Couppié et
C. Gasquet,
Céreq, Marseille,
Bref, n° 261, février, 4 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
Les quartiers défavorisés sont souvent assimilés à des
espaces de relégation, abritant des populations en proie à de grandes
difficultés d'insertion. Certes, les individus qui y résident ont des
trajectoires professionnelles et sociales moins favorables que ceux qui n'y ont
jamais vécu ou qui en sont partis. Néanmoins, s'installer dans ces quartiers
constitue aussi pour certains jeunes un moyen, parfois le seul, d'accéder à
l'autonomie résidentielle. Pour ces nouveaux occupants, vivre dans un quartier
défavorisé, même transitoirement, peut constituer un vecteur de construction
familiale, sans forcément les exclure du marché du travail.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : France
.
Unemployment insurance versus individual unemployment
accounts and transitions to formal versus informal sector jobs,
D. N. Margolis,
Crest, Paris, Working paper, n° 38, December, 31 p.,
(2008).
Résumé :
Dans cet article, l'auteur considère l’impact du système d’aide aux chômeurs sur
la vitesse de retour en emploi dans 6 zones urbaines majeures du Brésil. Il
distingue les transitions vers les emplois du secteur formel de celles vers les
emplois du secteur informel en tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité inobservée. Un
emploi dans le secteur formel ouvre droit à l’assurance chômage et aux comptes
privés du chômage (FGTS). On trouve que le passage par un emploi dans du secteur
formel augmente le taux de transition vers des emplois du secteur formel et
réduit le taux de transition vers les emplois du secteur informel. Le revenu
supplémentaire fourni par l’assurance chômage n’affecte pas la vitesse de retour
en emploi du secteur formel mais diminue cette vitesse pour les transitions vers
le secteur informel. Les résultats suggèrent que l’aide aux chômeurs affecte les
transitions en réduisant l’intensité de la recherche pour des emplois du secteur
informel. Des phénomènes qui affectent la demande de travail pourraient être à
l’origine des effets observés pour les transitions vers le secteur formel.
Summary :
This paper analyzes the impact of
the unemployment safety net on the speed of returning to employment in 6 major
urban areas of Brazil. Distinguishing between formal and informal sector jobs as
destinations and controlling for unobserved characteristics that affect
transitions, we find that previous formal sector work (which opens eligibility
to unemployment insurance (UI) and individual unemployment accounts (FGTS))
accelerates the rate of transition to formal sector jobs and reduces the rate of
transition to informal sector jobs. Additional unemployment benefits provided
through the UI system do not directly affect transitions to formal sector jobs,
although they do slow transitions to informal sector jobs. The results suggest
that the unemployment safety net may affect outcomes by reducing search
intensity for informal sector jobs, while demand side phenomena may be driving
the results for transitions to the formal sector.
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Brésil / Brazil
REVENU - INCOME
.
Earnings of men and women in firms with a female dominated
workforce : What drives the impact of sex segregation on wages ?,
A. Heinze,
Centre for European Economic Research,
Mannheim, ZEW discussion paper, n° 09-012, March, 58 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
L’écart salarial entre les femmes et les hommes en
Belgique - Rapport 2009,
Direction générale statistique et Information économique,
Bruxelles, 92 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Belgique / Belgium
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
L'Allemagne face à la crise financière : Entre logiques
nationales et solidarité européenne,
H. Dieter,
IFRI, Paris, Note du Cerfa, n° 61, février, 19
p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Child well-being and sole-parent family structure in the
OECD : An analysis,
S. Chapple,
OECD, Paris, OECD social, employment and
migration working papers, n° 83, March, 74 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Pays de l'OCDE / OECD countries
.
Second European quality of life survey : overview,
R. Anderson and alii,
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and
Working Conditions, Dublin, Report, March, 108 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Social capital and subjective well-being trends : Evidence
from 11 European countries, F. Sarracino, Universita degli Studi
di Siena,
Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Siena,Working
paper, n° 558, March, 58 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
Discovering whether
social capital endowments in modern societies have been subjected or not to a
process of gradual erosion is one of the most debated topics in recent economic
literature. This new stream of research has been inaugurated by Putnam’s
pioneering studies about social capital trends in the United-States. Recently, a
considerable work by Stevenson andWolfers (2008) put a new emphasis on this
topic contending Easterlin’s assessment. Present work is aimed at analyzing the
relationship between changes in social capital and subjective well-being in
Europe considering 11 different countries. In particular, we would like to
answer questions such as: 1) is social capital in Europe declining? Is such
erosion a general trend of modern societies or is it a characteristic feature of
only some of them? 2) social capital trend can help to explain subjective
well-being trend? In so doing, our research considers three different set of
proxies of social capital controlling for time and socio-demographic aspects in
eleven different European countries using WVS data between 1980 and 2000.Our
results are encouraging, showing evidence of a probable relationship between
social capital and happiness. Furthermore, our results show that during last
twenty years European citizens have persistently lost confidence in the judicial
system, in the church, in armed forces and the police. Finally, considering
single countries, we discover that United Kingdom is the only European country
with a clear and negative pattern for social capital: quite every proxy of
social capital in UK declined over the considered period
Zone géographique / Geographical
area : Europe