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PAUVRETE - POVERTY 

. Dossier annuel de la MRIE 2009 : pauvretés, précarités, exclusions, Mission régionale d'Information sur l'Exclusion, Lyon, 177 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Έρευνα Εισοδήματος και Συνθηκών Διαβίωσης των Νοικοκυριών, Κίνδυνος Φτώχειας - 2007, Γενική Γραμματεία Εθνικής Στατιστικής Υπηρεσίας της Ελλάδος,  Πειραιάς, 25 σ., (2009).
English version "Income and living conditions in households, At risk of poverty - 2007"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Grèce / Greece

. Petits pas - grands changements : Construire la participation des personnes en situation de pauvreté, EAPN, Bruxelles, 82 p., (2009).
English version "Small steps - big changes"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Prévention de la pauvreté persistante, Comité consultatif de Lutte contre la Pauvreté et l'Exclusion sociale, Québec, Avis, 37 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Canada

. Tackling poverty : Tackling health inequalities, S. Burke, Combat Poverty Agency, Dublin, 34 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Irlande / Ireland

. Targeting social transfers to the Poor in Mexico, D. Coady and S. Parker, International Monetary Fund, Washington, Working paper, n° 09/60, 33 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : Mexico’s main social support program, Oportunidades, combines two methods to target cash to poor households: an initial self-selection by households who acquire knowledge about the program and apply for benefits, followed by an administrative determination of eligibility based on a means test. Self-selection improves targeting by excluding high-income households, while administrative targeting does so mainly by excluding middle-income households. The two methods are complementary: expanding program knowledge across households substantially increases applications from non-poor households, thus reinforcing the importance of administrative targeting. The paper shows that targeting can be further improved through redesigning the means test and differentiating transfers according to demographic characteristics.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Mexique / Mexico

EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT

. Convergence and divergence of working conditions in Europe : 1990-2005, R. Peña-Casas and P. Pochet, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, 152 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. La dispense de recherche d’emploi en 2007 : des effectifs en baisse, J. Labarthe, Dares, Paris, Premières informations, avril, n° 16.2, 7 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Enquête sur les expérimentations du RSA : Premiers résultats, V. Fabre et O. Sautory, Drees, Paris, Document de travail, série Études et Recherche, n° 87, avril, 16 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : Avant la généralisation du revenu de solidarité active (RSA), 34 départements ont expérimenté un dispositif préfigurant le RSA. Pour évaluer ces expérimentations engagées depuis juin 2007, plusieurs travaux ont été menés dans le cadre du comité d’évaluation des expérimentations. Parmi eux, une enquête a été réalisée par la DREES en mai-juin 2008 auprès de bénéficiaires du revenu minimum d’insertion (RMI) et de l’allocation de parent isolé (API). La méthode retenue consiste à comparer la situation d’allocataires résidant dans des zones tests (où le RSA a été expérimenté) et des zones témoins présentant des caractéristiques proches. Les premiers résultats mesurent l’impact de ces expérimentations sur l’accès ou le maintien en emploi de bénéficiaires du RMI, leurs connaissance et satisfaction à l’égard du dispositif. Globalement, à la date de l’enquête, le RSA ne semble pas avoir d’effet marqué sur l’accès ou le maintien en emploi des bénéficiaires. Les types d’emplois occupés sont similaires dans les deux types de zone. Toutefois, en termes de temps de travail, les emplois occupés ou recherchés sont plus souvent de faible durée en zones tests : ceci peut résulter du mode d’incitation du RSA, qui vise à rendre le travail plus attractif dès la première heure travaillée. Les politiques d’accompagnement différent peu d’un type de zone à l’autre. En revanche, les départements semblent avoir mis en place une communication spécifique sur le RSA en zones tests, visant la population la plus directement concernée.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Job mobility and hours of work : the effect of Dutch legislation, D. Fouarge and C. Baaijens, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht, Working paper, n° ROA-RM-2009/4, 31 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : Previous research has pointed to the existence of hours constraints on the labour market: not all employees’ preferences with respect to the length of the working week seem to be fulfilled, and changes in the number of working hours often coincide with job mobility. In this paper, we test whether or not a recently introduced Dutch legislation providing employees with the right to adjust working hours within their job has reduced the correlation between changes in working hours and job mobility. We do this by implementing a difference-in-differences methodology to the job and hours mobility behaviour of Dutch workers prior and after the introduction of the new law. We find no evidence suggesting that this is indeed the case, regardless of gender.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays-Bas / The Netherlands

. Selon quels critères (dé)centraliser les interventions publiques sur le marché du travail, B. Van der Linden, Ires, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Regards économiques, n° 68, avril, 8 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Belgique / Belgium

. The social and economic importance of full employment, L. Randall Wray, The Levy Economics Institute, Annandale-on-Hudson, Working paper, n° 560, April, 14 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : Unemployment was singled out by John Maynard Keynes as one of the principle faults of capitalism; the other is excessive inequality. Obviously, there is some link between these two faults: because: since most people living in capitalist economies must work for wages as a major source of their incomes, inability to obtain a job means lower income. If jobs can be provided to the unemployed, inequality and poverty will be reduced— although such policy will not directly address the problem of excessive income at the top of the distribution. Most importantly, Keynes wanted to put unemployed labor to work— not digging holes, but in socially productive ways. This would help to ensure that the additional effective demand created by government spending would not be exhausted in higher prices as it ran up against bottlenecks or other supply constraints. Further, it would help maintain public support for the government’s programs by providing useful output. And it would generate respect for, and feelings of self-worth in, the workers employed in these projects (no worker would want to spend her days digging holes that serve no useful purpose). President Roosevelt’s New Deal jobs programs (such as the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps) are good examples of such targeted job-creating programs. These provided income and employment for workers, actually helped increase the nation’s productivity, and left us with public buildings, dams, trails, and even music that we still enjoy today. As our nation (and the world) collapses into deep recession, or even depression, it is worthwhile to examine Hyman P. Minsky’s comprehensive approach to resolving the unemployment problem.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

REVENU - INCOME

. Household saving rate higher in the EU than in the USA despite lower income : Household income, saving and investment, 1995-2007, P. Leetmaa, H. Rennie and B. Thiry, Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus, economy and finance, n° 29/2009, 12 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, Etats-Unis / Europe, United States

. Income and the demand for complementary health insurance in France, M. Grignon and B. Kambia-Chopin, Irdes, Paris, Document de travail, n° 24, April, 28 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Les revenus libéraux des médecins en 2006 et 2007, H. Fréchou et F. Guilaumat-Tailliet, Drees, Paris, Etudes et résultats, n° 686, avril, 8 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. The sources of interindustry wage differentials, P. Ferreira, Institute for Social and Economic Research, Colchester, Working paper, n° 2009-13, March, 45 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : We analyse the nature of interindustry wage differentials using Portuguese data. Estimates from models controlling for observed worker and firm characteristics reveal significant and persistent raw interindustry differentials, which questions the competitive model of the labour market. However, estimates controlling for unobserved worker het erogeneity suggest that the raw differentials are due to the concentration of high wage workers in certain industries and not to genuine differences in compensation across industries. However, a complete decomposition shows that (i) firm effects on average explain 70% of the industry wage premia, and (ii) genuine and sizeable interindustry wage differentials exist. These differentials are shown to increase the time to separation from firms,and are therefore compatible with the competitive model.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Portugal

. Understanding inter-industry wage structures in the Euro area, V . Genre, K. Kohn and D. Momferatou, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 4114, April, 43 p., (2009).

Résumé - Summary : This paper focuses on the euro area wage structure and its potential determinants from a sectoral viewpoint. Merging information from the OECD Structural Analysis database with data from the EU Labour Force Survey, we construct a cross-country panel of 22 industries in 8 euro area countries for 1991-2002. Data inspection confirms the existence of a fairly stable inter-industry wage structure that is similar across countries. We then apply panel data techniques to identify factors explaining inter-industry wage differentials in the euro area. Both workforce characteristics (e.g., human capital variables) and firm-related characteristics (e.g., capital intensity, productivity) contribute significantly. However, considerable wage heterogeneity across sectors remains. Idiosyncratic sector and country specifics, reflecting different socio-cultural and institutional backgrounds, appear to bear a major role. While our empirical analysis only uses direct evidence from workforce and firm-related characteristics, we also try to relate the remaining heterogeneity to institutional characteristics, based on related literature.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES

. Les consommateurs trouvent les prix "injustes", P. Moati, Crédoc, Paris, Consommation et modes de vie, n° 220, avril, 4 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Mauvais temps pour le pacte, A. Bénassy-Quéré et M. Poplawski Ribeiro, Cepii, Paris, La lettre du Cepii, n° 286, avril, 4 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Politiques monétaires non conventionnelles : un bilan, A. Bouveret et alii, DGTPE, Paris, Trésor-éco, n° 56, avril, 8 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, Etats-Unis / Europe, United States