22 février 2010 -
February 22, 2010
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PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
Les allocataires des caisses d'allocations familiales des
zones urbaines sensibles à la fin 2008, M. Besacier et B. Debras,
Cnaf,
Paris, L'e-ssentiel, n° 95, février, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Better off working? Work, poverty and benefit cycling,
K. Ray and alii,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London, February, 55 p. (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
How can parents escape from recurrent poverty?,
R. McQuaid, V. Fuertes and A. Richard,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London, February, 56 p. (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Population active et pauvreté en Région Centre,
S. Roblique,
Conseil Economique et Social de la Région Centre,
Orléans, janvier, 94 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Poverty among young children in Black immigrant,
US-born Black and non-Black immigrant families : The role of familial contexts,
K. J. A. Thomas,
Center for Poverty Research, Lexington, UKCPR disussion paper,
n° 2010-02, 46 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Weiterhin hohes Armutsrisiko in Deutschland : Kinder und junge Erwachsene sind
besonders betroffen, (Risque de pauvreté encore élevé en Allemagne :
Les enfants et les jeunes
adultes particulièrement touchés)
M. M. Grabka und J. R. Frick,
DIW, Berlin, Wochenbericht, n° 7, Februar, S.
2-11,
(2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Le temps comme ressource : étude de
l'emploi du temps des Français en situation de pauvreté,
R. Bouhia et alii,
Crest, Paris,
Document de travail, n° 2009-20, 44 p. (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Une cartographie de l’emploi régional d’après le
recensement de la population de 2006, O. Marchand,
Insee,
Paris, Insee première, n° 1280, février, 4
p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Determinants of lifetime unemployment. A micro data
analysis with censored quantile regressions,
A. Schmillen and J. Möller,
Institute for Employment Research,
Nürnberg, IAB-discussion paper, n°
3/2010, 33 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
The empirical literature on unemployment almost exclusively focuses on the
duration of distinct unemployment spells. In contrast we use a large German
administrative micro data set for the time span 1975–2004 to investigate
individual lifetime
unemployment (defined
as the total length of all unemployment spells over a 25-year period). This new
perspective enables us to answer questions regarding the long-term distribution
and determinants of unemployment for West German birth cohorts 1950–1954. We
find that lifetime unemployment is highly unevenly distributed and employ
censored quantile regressions to show that, for men, pursuing a disadvantageous
occupation early in the professional career leads to a significantly higher
amount of lifetime unemployment.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Développer
l’alternance dans le secteur de la restauration : pour une stratégie nationale,
R. Marcon et
S. Ditleblanc,
Ministère de l'économie,
de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi, Paris, février,
79 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
The effects of unemployment insurance on labor supply and
search outcomes. Regression discontinuity estimates from Germany,
J. F. Schmieder, T. von Wachter and S. Bender,
Institute for Employment Research,
Nürnberg, IAB-discussion paper, n°
4/2010,
58 p.,
(2010).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper evaluates the impact of large changes in the
duration of unemployment insurance (UI) in different economic environments on
labour supply, job matches, and search behaviour. We show that differences in
eligibility thresholds by exact age give rise to a valid regression
discontinuity design, which we implement using administrative data on the
universe of new unemployment spells and career histo-ries over twenty years from
Germany. We find that increases in UI have small to modest effects on non-employment
rates, a result robust over the business cycle and across demographic groups.
Thus, large expansions in UI during recessions do not lead to lasting increases
in unemployment duration, nor can they explain differ-ences in unemployment
durations across countries. We do not find any effect of increased UI duration
on average job quality, but show that the mean potentially confounds
differential effects on job search across the distribution of UI duration.
However, it appears that for a majority of UI beneficiaries’ increases in UI
duration may lead to small declines in wages.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Italy's employment gap : the role of taxation,
L. Bardone, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Brussels,
ECFIN country focus, n° 1-2010, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Quels effets attendre du RSA sur l'offre de travail et les salaires ? Un bilan
des travaux sur l'EITC et le WFTC,
F. Mikol et V. Remy,
Dares, Paris, Document d'études, n° 153, janvier, 53 p.,
(2010).
Résumé - Summary :
Les pays anglo-saxons expérimentent depuis plusieurs
dizaines d’années déjà les mesures de crédit d’impôt avec un double objectif de
redistribution et d’incitation à la reprise d’activité. Ainsi, l’Earned Income
Tax Credit (EITC) aux États-Unis et le Working Family Tax Credit (WFTC) au
Royaume-Uni ont été largement étudiés dans la littérature économique : outre
leur impact redistributif, ces crédits d’impôts, relativement élevés, ont eu des
effets sur la participation au marché du travail des populations éligibles. Un
certain consensus existe sur l’effet positif des crédits d’impôts anglo-saxons
sur la participation des mères isolées ; en revanche les résultats sont plus
mitigés concernant l’activité du second conjoint d’un couple. Même si ces
mesures visent à augmenter le revenu disponible des ménages, elles peuvent
cependant selon certaines études réduire le salaire des travailleurs peu
qualifiés, les employeurs bénéficiant en partie du crédit d’impôt via une baisse
du salaire négocié. Les conclusions des études anglo-saxonnes peuvent être
riches d’enseignement pour anticiper les conséquences de l’instauration en
France de la composante « crédit d’impôt » du Revenu de solidarité active (RSA-chapeau)
sur la participation, les salaires et les heures travaillées de ses futurs
bénéficiaires.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France,
Etats-Unis, Royaume-Uni / France, United States, United Kingdom
.
Vers des emplois à plus forte intensité de connaissances
et de compétences en Europe,
Cedefop, Thessalonique, Note d'information,
février, 4 p., (2010).
English version
"Jobs in Europe to become more knowledge and skills-intensive"
Deutsch Version "Beschäftigung
in Europa soll wissens- und kompetenzintensiver werden
"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
REVENU - INCOME
.
Distributional implications of tax evasion in Greece,
M. Matsaganis and M. Flevotomou,
The Hellenic Observatory, London, GreeSE paper,
n° 31, January, 40 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
The shadow economy and tax evasion
are both widespread in Greece. This has adverse effects in terms of horizontal
and vertical equity, as well as in terms of efficiency. We take advantage of
access to a large sample of income tax returns in 2004/05, and compare tax
reported incomes with those observed in the household budget survey of that year.
We re-weight our two datasets to make them fully comparable, and carefully
select the reference population. We then calculate ratios of income under-reporting
by region and income source. The synthetic distribution of reported incomes is
then fed into a tax benefit model to provide preliminary estimates of the size
and distribution of income tax evasion in Greece. Income under-reporting is
estimated at 10%, resulting in a 26% shortfall in tax receipts. The paper finds
that the effects of tax evasion are higher income inequality and poverty, as
well as lower progressivity of the income tax system.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Grèce / Greece
.
Employers' role in the low-pay/no-pay cycle,
H. Metcalf and A. Dhudwar,
Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London, February, 56 p. (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
Μισθολογικό χάσμα ανδρών γυναικών στην Κύπρο και την ΕΕ,
(Ecart de salaires entre hommes et femmes à Chypre et dans l'Union
européenne),
Κ. Βραχίμης και αλ.
Κέντρο Οικονομικών Ερευνών, Λευκωσία, Αρ. 06-09, Δεκέμβριος,
36 σ., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, Chypre / Europe, Cyprus
.
Les pratiques de rémunération des entreprises en 2007 :
Des formules hybrides tant pour les cadres que pour les non-cadres,
D. Demailly, D. Folques et A. Naboulet,
Dares, Paris, Premières synthèses, n° 008,
février, 11 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Les salariés français descendant d'immigrés : Salaires et
profil socioprofessionnel des entreprises de 10 salariés ou plus en 2006,
L. Mullet et R. Rathelot,
Dares, Paris, Premières synthèses, n° 007,
février, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Wage inequality and the changing organization of work,
D. Görlich and D. J. Snower,
Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Kiel
working paper, n° 1588, January, 40 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper sheds light on how changes in the organization
of work lead to wage inequality. We present a theoretical model in which workers
with a wider span of competence (higher level of multitasking) earn a wage
premium. Since abilities and opportunities to expand the span of competence are
distributed unequally among workers across and within education groups, our
theory explains (1) rising wage inequality between groups, (2) rising wage
inequality within groups, and (3) the polarization of work and the decoupling of
the income distribution. Using a rich German data set covering a 20-year period
from 1986 to 2006, we provide empirical support for our model.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
Politique familiale - Petite enfance / Family policy -
Early Childhood
.
L’offre d’accueil collectif des enfants de moins de 6 ans
en 2008, G. Bailleau,
Drees,
Paris, Études et résultats, n° 715, 8 p., février, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Problématiques et voies de réformes du complément de libre
choix d’activité,
Haut
Conseil de la Famille, Paris, février, 68 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Le rôle accru des entreprises dans la nouvelle politique
familiale, M. Veil,
Ires,
Noisy-le-Grand, Chronique internationale, n° 122, janvier, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Accueil des jeunes enfants en milieu rural,
J-M. Juilhard,
La Documentation française, Paris,
Les Rapports du Sénat , n° 545, 121 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Les aides apportées aux familles qui ont un enfant de
moins de trois ans,
Haut
Conseil de la Famille, Paris, décembre, 195 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Développement de la garde d'enfants, J.
Voisin, Inspection générale des Affaires sociales,
La Documentation française, Paris, mars, 171
p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Structures d’accueil des enfants en Europe,
Eurofound, Dublin, Foundation findings, avril, 20 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
L'école de la chance,
J. Hindriks et M. Verschelde,
Ires, Louvain, Regards économiques, n° 77,
février, 23 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays de l'OCDE
/ OECD countries
.
Rapprocher les familles populaires de l'école - Analyse
sociologique d'un lieu commun,
M. Ichou,
Cnaf,
Paris, Dossiers d'études, n° 125, février, 104 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Le retard scolaire en fonction du milieu parental :
l'influence des compétences des parents, F.
Murat,
Insee, Paris,
Économie et
Statistique, n° 424-425, février, 22 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
The school performance of immigrant students. Cross-country evidence from PISA
2006,
M. Murat and G. Pirani,
Adapt, Modena, Working paper, n° 104, febbraio,
16 p.,
(2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays de l'OCDE / OECD countries
Bien-être / Well-being
.
Comparing multidimensional poverty with qualitative indicators of well-being,
Y. Maweki Batana et Jean-Yves Duclos,
Cirpée, Québec, Cahier de recherche, n°
10-04, février, 23 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper examines multidimensional stochastic dominance
when one of the indicators of well-being, such as household size or place of
residence, is qualitative. It also uses a test for strict dominance based on the
empirical likelihood ratio. Empirical applications are based on the DHS (Demography
and Health Surveys) for several countries in Western Africa. The results show
the existence of multidimensional dominance relationships between most of these
countries
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Afrique / Africa
. Objective confirmation of subjective measures of human
well-being : Evidence from the USA,
A. J. Oswald and S. Wu,
Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion
paper, n° 4695, January, 10 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
A huge research literature, across the behavioral and
social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These
are responses to questions – asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel –
such as "how happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little
scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a
2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3
million United States citizens. Life-satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured.
Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life
as previously estimated, using solely non-subjective data, in a literature from
economics (so-called 'compensating differentials' neoclassical theory due
originally to Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, p < 0.001)
between subjective and objective well-being. This result has some potential to
help to unify disciplines.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Understanding children's well-being : A national survey of young people's well-being,
G. Rees and alii,
The Children's Society, London /
SPRU, York,
Report, 96 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
. Well-being inequality and reference groups : An agenda for new research,
B. van Praag,
Institute for the Study of Labor,
Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 4727, January, 33 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
In this paper it is argued that subjective well-being of
the individual depends on two types of variables. The first type consists of
characteristics of the individual himself, such as age, health, income, etc. The
second type of variables consists of the characteristics of the individuals
belonging to his reference group. The vast literature about happiness, quality
of life, and well-being informs us extensively about the effects of objective
variables. How the second type affects well-being is much less investigated. It
is argued that the concept of well-being inequality cannot be properly defined
without taking the referencing process into account. The reference effect
depends on how frequently individuals compare with others and on the degree of
social transparency in society. We attempt to give a structural embedding of the
idea of reference groups in SWB-models. In this paper we employ the reference-extended
model for incorporating in happiness studies the concept of inequality in
happiness or SWB. Finally, we plead for an extension of the present happiness
paradigm by setting up a new additional agenda for empirical research in order
to get quantified knowledge about the referencing process. As a first step we
suggest a new question module to be included in new survey questionnaires.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : none
.
Women between part-time and full-time work : the influence of changing hours
of work and happiness and life-satisfaction,
C. Gash, A. Mertens and L. Romeu Gordo,
DIW, Berlin, SOEP papers, n° 268,
February, 42 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper asks whether part-time work makes women happy.
Previous research on labour supply has assumed that as workers freely choose
their optimal working hours on the basis of their innate preferences and the
hourly wage rate, outcome reflects preference. This paper tests this assumption
by measuring the impact of changes in working-hours on life satisfaction in two
countries (the UK and Germany using the German Socio-Economic Panel and the
British Household Panel Survey). We find decreases in working-hours bring about
positive and significant improvement on well-being for women.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
. Income, aspirations and the hedonic treadmill in
a poor society,
J. Knight and R. Gunatilaka, University of
Oxford,
Department of Economics, Oxford, Discussion paper, December, n° 468, 36
p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
A specially designed household survey for rural China is
used to analyse the determinants of aspirations for income, proxied by reported
minimum income need, and the determinants of subjective well-being, both
satisfaction with life and satisfaction with income. It is found that
aspiration income is a positive function of actual income and reference income,
and that subjective well-being is raised by actual income but lowered by
aspiration income. These findings suggests the existence of a partial hedonic
treadmill, and can help to explain why subjective well-being in China appears
not to have risen despite rapid economic growth.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Chine / China
.
On the relation between
income inequality and happiness : Do fairness perceptions matter ?,
C. Bjornskov and alii, Center for European Governance and Economic Development
Research, Göttingen, Discussion paper, n° 91, December, 30 p., (2009).
Résumé - Summary :
In this paper, we revisit the association between
happiness and inequality. We argue that the perceived fairness of the income
generation process affects this association. Building on a two-period model of
individual life-time utility maximization, we predict that persons with higher
perceived fairness will experience higher levels of life-time utility and are
less in favor of income redistribution. In societies with a high level of actual
social mobility, income inequality is perceived more positively with increased
expected fairness. The opposite is expected for countries with low actual social
mobility, due to an increasing relevance of a disappointment effect resulting
from unsuccessful individual investments. Using the World Values Survey data and
a broad set of fairness measures, we find strong support for the negative
(positive) association between fairness perceptions and the demand for more
equal incomes (subjective well-being). We also find strong empirical support for
the disappointment effect in low social mobility countries. In contrast, the
results for high-mobility countries turn out to be ambiguous.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Données
internationales / International data