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March 8, 2010
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PAUVRETE - POVERTY
.
17 % of EU citizens were at-risk-of-poverty in 2008,
P. Wolff,
Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus, n° 9/2010, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
L'ampleur de la pauvreté,
Conseil national du bien-être social, Ottawa,
Profil de la pauvreté 2007, n° 5, février, 4 p., (2010).
English version "Depth
of poverty"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Canada
.
Bilan de 10 ans d'observation de la pauvreté et de
l'exclusion sociale à l'heure de la crise : Rapport 2009-2010,
Observatoire national de la Pauvreté et de l'Exclusion sociale, Paris, 168 p.,
Fiches de synthèses, 16 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France, Europe
.
Child poverty and child well-being in Italy,
D. Del Boca,
Dipartimento di Economia "S. Cognetti de Martiis",
Torino, Working paper, n° 1/2010, 16 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
Child poverty matters directly as children constitute a large share of the
population and indirectly for future individual and national well- being.
Measures of child poverty are dominated by incomepoverty, although education and
well-being are now often included. Data in the most recent international and EU
reports indicate that Italy performs worse than most developed countries in this
respect, in spite of the extremely low fertility rates. The purpose of this
report is to examine several dimensions of relative and absolute poverty among
children in Italy in a comparative framework and explore the factors underlying
this, which are mainly related to the nature of the labour market, and the
structure of the welfare state. The two main groups of households at risk of
poverty are single parents (especially if women) and large families with three
or more children. The high child poverty rate in Italy is partly determined by
the combination of rigidities and limitations of labour market opportunities
especially for women (particularly mothers because of limited childcare services
and the low support for households with children). The analysis of the impact
and effectiveness of recent policies show that public intervention did not have
a significant impact in reducing child poverty rate.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Low income and impoverished families pay more disproportionately for child
care,
K. Smith and K. Gozjolko,
Carsey Institute, University of New Hampshire, Durham,
Policy brief, n° 16, Winter, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Protect, support, provide : Examining the role of grandparents in families at
risk of poverty,
J. Griggs,
Equality and Human Rights Commission, London / Department for Social
Policy and Social Work, Oxford, Report, March, 76 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT
.
Can adult education delay retirement from the labour market ?, X. de
Luna, A. Stenberg and O. Westerlund, Institute for Labour Market Policy
Evaluation, Uppsala, IFAU working paper, n° 2010:2, January, 45 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Suède / Sweden
.
Collective bargaining responses to the economic crisis in Europe, V.
Glassner and M. Keune,
ETUI, Brussels, ETUI policy brief, n° 1, February, 7 p.,
(2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
. A historical look at the labor market during recessions,
E. Martinez-Garcia and J. Koech,
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Dallas, Economic letter, n° 1, January, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Mediating the transitions to work : The role of employment and career advisers
in comparative perspective,
I. Darmon, C. Perez and S. Wright,
Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Paris, CES working papers, n° 2010.15, février, 24 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France, Slovénie, Royaume-Uni, Espagne /
France, Slovenia, United Kingdom, Spain
.
The threat effects of mandatory programme participation in Finland : A study
of activation reform of the labour market system,
J. Tuomala,
VATT, Government Institute for Economic
Research, Helsinki, VATT working paper, n° 12/2010, January, 34 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Finlande / Finland
REVENU - INCOME
.
A closer look at low wages in BC,
S. Kerstetter,
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Ottawa, Behind the
numbers, February, 9 p., (2010)
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Canada
.
Global wage inequality
and the international flow of migrants,
M. R. Rosenzweig, Yale University,
Economic Growth Center, New Haven, Center discussion paper, n° 983, January, 32
p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary : A framework for
understanding the determinants in the variation in the pricing of skills across
countries and the model underlying the Mincer specification of wages that is
used widely to estimate the relationship between schooling and wages are
described. A method for identifying skill prices and for testing the Mincer
model, using wages and the human capital attributes of workers located around
the world, is discussed. A global wage equation that nests the Mincer
specification is estimated that provides skill price estimates for 140
countries. The estimates reject the Mincer model. The skill price estimates
indicate that variation in skill prices dominates the cross-country variation in
schooling levels or rates of return to schooling in accounting for the global
inequality in the earnings of workers worldwide. Variation in skill prices and
GDP across countries has opposite and significant effects on the number and
quality of migrants to the United States.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Données internationales /
International data
.
WSI - Mindestlohnbericht 2010 - Unterschiedliche
Strategien in der Krise, (WSI - Salaire minimum : Rapport 2010 -
Différentes stratégies pendant la crise), T. Schulten,
Hans-Böckler
Stiftung, Düsseldorf, WSI Mittellungen, n° 3/2010, 9 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Données internationales /
International data
AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES
.
Are we spending too many years in school ? Causal
evidence of the impact of shortening secondary school duration,
B. Büttner
and S. L. Thomsen,
Center for European Economic Research, Mannheim, ZEW
discussion paper, n° 10.10-011, 41 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Child care subsidies revisited, E. L. W. Jongen,
CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Hague, CPB
document, n° 200, January, 68 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
Public spending on child care has taken a high flight in
the Netherlands. One of the key policy goals of child care subsidies is to
stimulate labour participation. We study the impact of child care subsidies on
labour participation using a general equilibrium model. Next to the labour
supply choice, we also model the choice over formal and informal care. The
choice between formal and informal care plays an important role in the overall
impact of child care subsidies on labour participation. The model is calibrated
to Dutch data. Our analysis shows that existing child care subsidies have
promoted labour participation. However, at the current average subsidy rate of
almost 80%, a further increase in the subsidy rate is a rather ineffective way
to promote formal participation, the main effect being substitution of informal
for formal care.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays-Bas / The Netherlands
.
Fiscal and pension sustainability : Present and future issues in EU countries,
A. Zaidi,
European Centre, Vienna, Policy brief, February, 7 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Supporting parents of young children in the child welfare system, K. A.
Beckmann and alii,
National Center for Children in Poverty, New York, February,
24 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
Genre / Gender
.
Colmare il divario retributivo tra uomini e donne ,
S. Vogliotti,
AFI- IPL
Istituto Promozione Lavoratori,
Bolzano, Newsletter 1, 5 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Emploi des femmes : une crise peut en cacher une autre,
F. Milewski, Ofce,
Paris, Clair&net,
2 mars, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
From "work-family" to the "gendered life course" and "fit" : Five challenges
to the field, P. Moen,
WZB, Berlin, Discussion paper, n° SP I 2010-501,
February, 29 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
This paper*
introduces the concepts of the ‘gendered life
course’ and ‘life-course fit’ in order to provide a broader, dynamic, and
contextual perspective on the match or mismatch characterizing the social
environments confronting workers, their families, and their communities. It
summarizes five challenges confronting scholars of community, work, family, and
policy: (1) updating outdated concepts and categories; (2) incorporating the
gendered life course and family strategies to improve fit; (3) recognizing
social change; (4) seeking work-time policy transformation, not simply
assimilation or accommodation; and (5) focusing on prevention. In doing so, it
provides a very brief history of the workfamily intersection from a US vantage
point, along with an overview of organizational response by employers to the
‘work-family’ conundrum. There is a growing recognition that a sense of fit or
misfit in terms of rising temporal demands, limited temporal resources and
outdated work-hour constraints on workers and families has become a public
health issue. The next step is for employers and policy makers to break open the
time clocks around paid work –the tacit, taken-for-granted beliefs, rules and
regulations about the time and timing of work days, work weeks, work years, and
work lives.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United
States
.
The gender inequalities index (GII) as a new way
to measure gender inequalities in developing countries,
G. Ferrant,
Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Paris, Documents de travail, n°
2010.17, February, 44 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays en développement / Developing
countries
. The gender pay gap in the UK 1995 -2007, W. Olsen and alii,
Government
Eqalities Office, London,
Part I, 127 p.,
Part II, 57 p., February, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom
.
The gender wage gap : 2009,
Institute for Women's Policy Research,
Washington, Fact sheet, March, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
. Gender wage gap : A semi-parametric approach with sample selection correction,
M. Picchio and C. Mussida,
Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA
discussion paper, n° 4783, february, 34 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
Sizeable gender differences in employment rates are
observed in many countries. Sample selection into the workforce might therefore
be a relevant issue when estimating gender wage gaps. This paper proposes a new
semi-parametric estimator of densities in the presence of covariates which
incorporates sample selection. We describe a simulation algorithm to implement
counterfactual comparisons of densities. The proposed methodology is used to
investigate the gender wage gap in Italy. It is found that when sample selection
is taken into account gender wage gap widens, especially at the bottom of the
wage distribution. Explanations are offered for this empirical finding.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Interruptions de carrière professionnelle et salaires des
hommes et des femmes en 2006,
J. Moschion et L. Muller,
Dares, Paris, Premières synthèses, n° 011,
février, 8 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
Environ 61 % des salariés des entreprises de 10
salariés ou plus du secteur concurrentiel en 2006 ont connu au moins une
interruption dans leur carrière depuis leur premier emploi. Près
de la moitié des salariés (49 %) ont connu le chômage ; 13 % des salariés -
majoritairement des femmes - se sont arrêtés de travailler pour s’occuper de
leurs enfants. Les autres motifs d’interruption (18 %) renvoient à des problèmes
de santé dans deux tiers des cas. Parmi les salariés dont la durée du travail
est décomptée en heures, ceux qui ont connu des interruptions de carrière ont un
salaire horaire brut moyen plus faible que les salariés au parcours jusque-là
continu (18 % d’écart), l’écart étant plus marqué entre les hommes qu’entre les
femmes.Si les interruptions semblent ainsi être plus pénalisantes pour les
hommes que pour les femmes, il reste que les femmes qui ne se sont pas arrêtées
de travailler ont un salaire horaire brut en moyenne inférieur de 17 % à celui
de leurs homologues masculins, un écart que les principales caractéristiques
observables n’expliquent que partiellement.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France
.
Occupational segregation of immigrant women in Spain, C. del Rio and O.
Alonso-Villar,
Ecineq, Palma de Mallorca, Ecineq working papers, n° 2010-165;
March, 35 p., (2010).
Résumé - Summary :
The aim of this paper is to analyze
occupational segregation in the Spanish labor market from a gender and an
immigration perspective. In doing so, several local and overall segregation
measures are used. Our results suggest that immigrant women in Spain suffer a
double segregation since segregation affects them to a greater extent than it
does either native women or immigrant men. There are, however, remarkable
discrepancies among the segregation of immigrant women depending on their region
of origin. Thus, immigrant women from the European Union (EU) have the lowest
occupational segregation, while segregation seems particularly intense in the
group of women from European countries outside the EU bloc and Asia (the levels
of which are higher than that of Latin American and African women).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Espagne / Spain
.
Report on equality between women and men : 2010, European Commission,
Directorate-General Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities,
Brussels, 56 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe
.
Revisiting poverty measures towards individualisation, D. Meulders and S.
O'Dorchai,
Dulbea, Bruxelles, Document de travail, n° 10-03, février, 43 p.,
(2010).
Résumé - Summary :
We use the methodology developed in a previous study to
individualise all incomes reported in the EU Statistics on Income and Living
Conditions (2006) . Based on individual incomes we compute financial dependency
rates which are compared with the household-level at-risk-of-poverty rates
defined by the EC. The determinants of financial dependency are studied by means
of descriptive statistics and by the estimation of bivariate probit regressions
for men and women. We cover nine European countries. Finally, four new
indicators are proposed to complement the Laeken indicators.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France, Europe
.
The unemployment gender gap during the 2007 recession,
A. Sahin, J. Song and B. Hobijn,
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York,
Current issues, n° 2, February, 7 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States
.
Women still greatly under-represented on the top boards of large companies,
E. Holst and A. Wiemer,
DIW, Berlin, Weekly report, n° 7/2010, 10 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany
.
Coerenza e dissonanza nei percorsi di vita delle donne.
Un’analisi psicosociale delle cause dell’inattività femminile,
R. Pistagni,
Isfol, Roma, Studi 2009/6, novembre, 40 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy
.
Differenziale salariale di genere e lavori tipicamente
femminili, M. Centra e A. Cutillo,
Isfol,
Roma, Studi 2009/2,
gennaio, 35 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy