Retour accueil Cerc]  - [Home Cerc]

PAUVRETE - POVERTY 

. A profile of the working poor, 2008, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, Report, n° 1022, March, 14 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. Public education for the children left behind, C. Camacho and I-L. Shen, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 4833, March, 39 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : This paper examines the role of public education in the context of parental migration, and it studies the effects of an expansive income tax policy that is adopted to increase public education expenditure per pupil. It is shown that such a policy may exacerbate income inequality in the long run if for the less skilled dynasties, the benefits of more public spending on education does not make up for the negative effects of increased parental absences. However, if the migration-induced tax base erosion is not severe, an expansive income tax policy indeed enhances future human capital for all dynasties, and moreover, it may help the less skilled households escape from the poverty trap, thus reducing long-run income inequality.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays en développement / Developing countries

. Recueil  statistique relatif à la pauvreté et à la précarité en Ile-de-France au 31 décembre 2008, Mission d’Information sur la Pauvreté et l’Exclusion Sociale en Île-de-France (MIPES), Paris, 85 p. (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. What is the impact of the Bolsa Familia Programme on education ?, P. Glewwe and A. L. Kassouf, UNDP, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Brazilia, One pager, n° 107, 1 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Brésil / Brazil

EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT

. Education and the welfare gains from employment protection, O. Charlot et F. Malherbet, CIRPEE, Montréal, Cahier de recherche, n° 10-12, 45 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary :  This paper studies the impact of an European-like labor market regulation on the return to schooling, equilibrium unemployment and welfare. We show that firing costs and temporary employment have opposite effects on educational choices. We furthermore demonstrate that a laissez faire economy with no regulation is inefficient as it is characterized by insufficient educational investments leading to excess job destruction and inadequate job creation. By stabilizing employment relationships, firing costs may spur educational investments and therefore lead to welfare and productivity gains, though a first-best policy would be to subsidize education. However, there is little chance for a dual labor market, as is common in many European countries, with heavily regulated long-term contracts and more flexible short-term contracts to raise the incentives to schooling and aggregate welfare.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Is the EITC as Good as an NIT ? Conditional cash transfers and tax incidence, J. Rothstein, Center for Economic Policy Studies, Princeton, CEPS working paper n° 184, January, 44 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. One in three unemployed persons in the EU have been jobless for over a year, R. Hijman, Eurostat, Luxembourg, Statistics in focus, population and social conditions, n° 13/2010, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. The political economy of active labour market policy, G. Bonoli, Reconciling Work and Welfare in Europe, Edinburg, Working paper, n° REC-WP 01/2010, 29 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Active labour market policies have developed significantly over the last two decades across OECD countries, with substantial cross-national differences in terms of both extent and overall orientation. The objective of this paper is to account for cross-national variation in this policy field. It starts by reviewing existing scholarship concerning political, institutional and ideational determinants of ALMPs. It then argues that ALMPs is too broad a category to be used analytically, and develops a typology of four different types of ALMPs: incentive reinforcement, employment assistance, occupation, and human capital investment. These are discussed and examined through ALMP expenditure profiles in selected countries. The paper uses this typology to analyse active labour market policy trajectories in six western European countries, and shows that the role of this instrument changes dramatically over time. It concludes that there is little regularity in the political determinants of ALMPs. In contrast, it finds important institutional and ideational effects, the latter in the most recent phase in particular.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Pays de l'OCDE / OECD countries

. Releasing jobs for the young? Early retirement and youth unemployment in the United Kingdom, J. Banks and alii, Institute for Fiscal Studies,  London, IFS working Papers W10/02, March, 30 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : This paper tries to assess whether or not we have any empirical evidence of links between early retirement and youth unemployment. Most economists would today dismiss the idea immediately as another version of the naïve 'lump-of-labor fallacy'. In its most basic form, this proposition holds that there is a fixed supply of jobs and that any reduction in labor supply will reduce unemployment by offering jobs to those who are looking for ones. Taken to the extreme, this view would support that the idea that a high level of employment of one group of individuals can only be at the expense of another group: if for instance were the population of a country to increase, younger individuals would be unemployed as older individuals would not 'release' enough jobs for the new entrants. The absurdity of this view in the long term is simply seen by considering the fact that the size of a country does not bear any relation to the share of population unemployed.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

REVENU - INCOME

. La formation continue, un moyen de réduire les inégalités salariales entre hommes et femmes ?, N. Havet et G. Lacroix, GATE, Lyon, Document de travail, n° WP 1002, février, 26 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Intergenerational persistence income and social class : The impact of within-group inequality, J. Blanden, P. Gregg and L. Macmillan, Centre for Market and Public Organisation, Bristol, Working paper, n° 10/230, March, 34 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Family income is found to be more closely related to sons’ earnings for those born in 1970 compared to those born in 1958. This result is in stark contrast to the finding on the basis of social class; intergenerational mobility for this outcome is found to be unchanged. We set up a formal framework which relates mobility in measured family income/earnings to mobility in social class. Building on this framework we then test a number of hypotheses to explain the difference between the trends. We reject Erikson and Goldthorpe’s (2009) assertion that the divergent results are driven by the poorer measure of permanent family income in the 1958. Instead we find evidence of an increase in the intergenerational persistence of the permanent component of income that is unrelated to social class.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

. Le nombre d'allocataires du Revenu de solidarité active au 31 décembre 2009, S. Cazain et I. Siguret, Cnaf, Paris, L'e-ssentiel, n°  96, mars, 4 p.,  (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. On the meaning and measurement of redistribution in cross-country comparisons, P. J. Lambert, R. Nesbakken and T. O. Thoresen, Luxembourg Income Study, Luxembourg, LIS working paper, n° 532, February, 25 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : There is confusion in the literature concerning the relationship between income inequality and redistribution in a cross-country perspective. The reason for this is that different contributions in the literature are not referring to the same characteristic. This is shown by addressing information about redistribution in an international context from a number of angles: the size measures, such as tax revenue and government spending, the progressivity and redistributive effect with which the size is financed on the tax side, and the redistributional effects of government spending. By employing micro data from the Luxembourg Income Study database in combination with more aggregated information from the OECD for 15 countries, we show that the answer to the question “does more income inequality generate more redistribution?” depends on how the concept of redistribution is operationalized. Moreover, we argue that closer attention should be given to the common-base version of redistribution, which uses the “transplant-and-compare” procedure of Dardanoni and Lambert (2002). This conceptualization of redistribution is in fact what many authors actually may have in mind when discussing the relationship between income inequality and redistribution
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Comparaisons internationales / International comparisons

. Recent trends in household wealth in the United States : Rising debt and the middle-class squeeze : An update to 2007, E. N. Wolff, Levy Economics Institute, Annandale-on-Hudson, Working paper, n° 589, March, 59 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : I find here that the early and mid-aughts (2001 to 2007) witnessed both exploding debt and a consequent “middle-class squeeze.” Median wealth grew briskly in the late 1990s. It grew even faster in the aughts, while the inequality of net worth was up slightly. Indebtedness, which fell substantially during the late 1990s, skyrocketed in the early and mid-aughts; among the middle class, the debt-to-income ratio reached its highest level in 24 years. The concentration of investment-type assets generally remained as high in 2007 as during the previous two decades. The racial and ethnic disparity in wealth holdings, after stabilizing throughout most of the 1990s, widened in the years between 1998 and 2001, but then narrowed during the early and mid-aughts. Wealth also shifted in relative terms, away from young households (particularly those under age 45) and toward those in the 55–74 age group. Projections to July 2009, made on the basis of changes in stock and housing prices, indicate that median wealth plunged by 36 percent and there was a fairly steep rise in wealth inequality, with the Gini coefficient advancing from 0.834 to 0.865.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. Social class as a moving average, M. Brynin, Institute for Social and Economic Research, Colchester, Working paper, n° 2010-06, March, 29 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Are social (occupational) classes coherent, distinct entities? While they reflect an underlying reality, they are more fragmented than theory suggests. It is hypothesised that skill mismatches mean that each class includes a substantial proportion of poorly paid people who could be in the class below and highly paid people who could be in the class above, or in a class alone. This is tested for the service classes using the British Labour Force Survey. It is then shown using the British Household Panel Study that people within the service classes have differing class backgrounds, different class perceptions, and different political views depending on their hourly pay.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES

. Coordination of national social security in the EU, J. Cremers, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies, Amsterdam, Working paper, n° 10-89, March, 46 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : The coordination of the national social security is one of the crucial fields of cooperation between EU Member States. The coordination is based on the principle of application of one legislation at a time in cases of employment being executed in one or more than one Member State. Persons moving within the EU are thus subject to the social security scheme of only one Member State. The rules aim to guarantee equal  treatment and non discrimination by the application of the “lex loci laboris” principle. In 2004 the European legislator concluded modernised social security coordination rules (Regulation EC 883/2004) in order to simplify the current rules. The idea was also to limit the number of specific  rules for different categories of professional activities An Implementing Regulation was concluded in April 2009. In this paper the author explores the (possible) complications related to the new rules. The paper consists of an overview of the rules, of the basic changes and of pending questions. At the end a set of recommendations is formulated meant to contribute to the necessary tailor-made solutions.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. La Halde : rapport annuel 2009, L. Schweitzer, Haute Autorité de Lutte contre les Discriminations et pour l'égalité / La Documentation française, Paris, mars, 80 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Second European quality of life survey : Subjective well-being in Europe, D. Watson, F. Pichler and C. Wallace, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, 98 p., (2010).
p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. The sociology of educational mismatch, A. Kucel, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Barcelona, DemoSoc working paper, n° 2010-35, March, 14 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : aucune / none

. Allongement de la durée requise pour le taux plein et âge de départ en retraite des salariés du secteur privé : Une évaluation de l’impact de la réforme des retraites de 1993, P. Aubert, Crest, Paris, Documents de travail, n° 2009/21, novembre, 25 p., (2009).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France