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PAUVRETE - POVERTY 

. Poverty and inequality in UK : 2010, R. Joyce and alii, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, IFS commentary, n° 116, May, 79 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : In this Commentary, we assess the changes to average incomes, inequality and poverty that have occurred since 1979, with a particular focus on the changes that have occurred in the latest year of data (2008-09) and since 1996-97. This analysis is based upon the latest figures from the DWP's Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series, published on 20 May 2010 (Department for Work and Pensions, 2010). The HBAI series takes household income as its measure of living standards, and is derived from the Family Resources Survey, a survey of around 25,000 households in the United Kingdom that asks detailed questions about income from a range of sources.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

. State of the nation report : Poverty, worklessness and welfare dependency in the UK, Cabinet Office, London, 65 p., May, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT

. Activité et emplois du temps des médecins libéraux, J. Micheau et E. Molière, Drees, Paris, Document de travail, série Études et Recherches, n° 98, mai, 92 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Chômage et emploi des femmes dans la crise en France, F. Milewski, OFCE, Paris, Lettre de l'OFCE, n° 318, mai, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. El conflicto entre la demanda de flexibilidad laboral y la resistencia a la reforma del mercado de trabajo en España, J. J. Dolado, M. Jansen y F. Felgueroso, Fedea, Madrid, Estudios económicos, n° 6, 20 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Espagne / Spain

. Les conséquences de la crise sur l’emploi dans les régions, S. Lacroix, Insee, Paris, Insee première, n° 1295, mai, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. The effect of parental background on youth duration of unemployment, F. Mazzotta, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, CELPE discussion paper, n° 113, 38 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy

. Emploi des seniors : évolutions récentes et bilan des accords, Conseil d'Orientation des Retraites, Paris, Dossier réunion du conseil du 26 mai, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Employability of young Italian males after a jobless period, 1989-1998, B. Contini e A. Poggi, Laboratorio R. Revelli, Moncalieri, Working paper, n° 113, 35 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Italie / Italy

. Globalisation et flux d'emploi : que peut dire une approche comptable ?, M. Barlet, D. Blanchet et L. Crusson, Insee, Paris, Economie et statistiques, n° 427-428, mai, 18 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Réduction et crédit d'impôt pour l'emploi d'un salarié à domicile, conséquences incitatives et redistributives, C. Carbonnier, Insee, Paris, Economie et statistiques, n° 427-428, mai, 34 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Who benefits from the Earned Income Tax Credit ? Incidence among recipients, coworkers and firms, A. Leigh, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 4960, May, 45 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : How are hourly wages affected by the Earned Income Tax Credit? Using variation in state EITC supplements, I find that a 10 percent increase in the generosity of the EITC is associated with a 5 percent fall in the wages of high school dropouts and a 2 percent fall in the wages of those with only a high school diploma, while having no effect on the wages of college graduates. Given the large increase in labor supply induced by the EITC, this is consistent with most reasonable estimates of the elasticity of labor demand. Although workers with children receive a much larger EITC than childless workers, and the effect of the credit on labor force participation is larger for those with children, the hourly wages of both groups are similarly affected by an EITC increase. As a check on this strategy, I also use federal variation in the EITC across gender-age-education groups, and find that those demographic groups that received the largest EITC increases also experienced a drop in their hourly wages, relative to other groups.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

REVENU - INCOME

. Les allocataires de minima sociaux en 2008, S. Mathern et S. Micheaux, Drees, Paris, Etudes et résultats, n° 727, mai, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Le bonus de pension : un cadeau empoisonné, M. Maes, Institut de Recherches économiques et sociales, Louvain, Regards économiques, n° 79, mai, 9 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Dans ce numéro de Regards Economiques, nous étudions les effets de trois réformes potentielles du système de pension légale en Belgique, incluant le «bonus de pension» introduit par le gouvernement en 2007 et visant à gratifier des années de travail au-delà d’un certain âge plutôt qu’à pénaliser la retraite anticipée. Nos variables d’intérêt sont l’âge de départ à la retraite, le budget du gouvernement et les inégalités au sein de la population âgée. Nos simulations révèlent que le «bonus de pension» est une réforme inefficace. Au contraire, une pénalisation de la retraite anticipée aurait permis d’améliorer la soutenabilité budgétaire du système, tout en réduisant davantage les inégalités des revenus parmi les pensionnés.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Belgique / Belgium

. An empirical analysis of income convergence in the European Union, L. Cavenaille and D. Dubois, Centre de Recherche en Economie publique et de la Population, Liège, Crepp working paper, n° 2010/01, April, 15 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : In this paper, we investigate the convergence process within the European Union (27 countries). More particularly, we study the convergence process of the new entrants from Central and Eastern Europe and of the 15 Western countries between 1990 and 2007. Applying a panel approach to the convergence equation derived by Mankiw et al. (1992) from the Solow model, we highlight the existence of heterogeneity in the European Union and show that new entrants and former members of the European Union can be seen as belonging to significantly different groups of convergence. The existence of heterogeneity in the European Union or the Eurozone might affect their stability as the recent Greece’s sovereign debt crisis illustrates it.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Gouvernement économique européen et coordination des politiques salariales : La crise de la zone euro appelle des réformes structurelles, K. Busch, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Paris, Analyses et documents, mai, 9 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. The minimum wage in a deflationary economy : The Japanese experience, 1994-2003, R. Kambayashi, D. Kawaguchi and K. Yamada, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 4949, May, 44 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : The statutory minimum wage has steadily increased for decades in Japan, while the median wage has fallen nominally since 1999 because of a severe recession. We use large microdata sets from two government surveys to investigate how the minimum wage has affected the wage distribution under unusual circumstances of deflation. The compression of the lower tail of the female wage distribution is largely explained by an increased real value of the minimum wage. Steady increases in the effective minimum wage reduced employment among low-skilled, middle-aged female workers, but the mechanical effect associated with disemployment on wage compression was minimal
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Japon / Japan

. Minimum wages and schooling : Evidence from the UK's introduction of a National Minimum Wage, P. Rice, SERC, London, SERC discussion paper, n° 50, May, 42 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : This paper uses the introduction of the national minimum wage in the UK in April 1999 as a ‘natural experiment’ to analyse the impact of minimum wages on enrolment in schooling. At the time of its introduction, only workers aged 18 years or more were covered by the legislation. The paper uses panel data for a sample of young people in a given school-year cohort, some of whom were aged 18 years in spring 1999 and therefore eligible to receive the national minimum wage, and others who were aged only 17 years. We compare participation in post-compulsory schooling for the two groups, both before and after the enactment of the legislation and find robust evidence that eligibility for the national minimum wage significantly reduces the probability of participation in post-compulsory schooling for young people living in areas where the national minimum is high relative to local earnings.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Royaume-Uni / United Kingdom

. La retraite supplémentaire facultative en France : Panorama statistique, P. Aubert, Drees, Paris, Document de travail, série études et recherches, n° 99, mai, 19 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Retraites 2010 : régler l'urgence, refonder l'avenir (Tome 1, 176 p. ; Tome 2 , 215 p.), C. Demontès et D. Leclerc, Sénat, Paris, Rapports d’informations,  n° 461, (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES

. Can the teacher's gender explain the "boy crisis" in educational attainment ?, M. Neugebauer, M. Helbig and A. Landmann, MZES, Mannheim, Working paper, n° 133, 33 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Trend statistics reveal a striking reversal of a gender gap that has once favoured males: girls have surpassed boys in many aspects of the educational system. At the same time, the share of female teachers has grown in almost all countries of the western world. There is an ongoing, contentious debate on whether the gender of the teacher can account, in part, for the growing educational disadvantage of males. Findings have been mixed, so the issue remains unresolved. In this study, we use large-scale data from IGLU-E, an expansion of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) in Germany, to estimate whether there is a causal effect of having a same-sex teacher on student outcomes. The students in the sample were tested and interviewed at the end of fourth grade and have been taught by the same teacher for at least 2 years up to 4 years. This is a major advantage, because it can be assumed that substantial teacher-gender effects only occur after a certain time of exposure to a same-sex or other-sex teacher. We estimate effects for typical 'female' subjects and typical 'male' subjects as well as for different student outcomes ('gender-blind' test scores and more subjective teacher’s grades). We find virtually no evidence of a benefit from having a same-sex teacher, neither for boys nor for girls. These findings suggest that the popular call for more male teachers in primary school is not the key to tackle the growing disadvantage of boys.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany

. Comment la population est-elle recensée dans les pays européens en 2010 ? , P. Valente, Ined, Paris, Population et sociétés, n° 467, mai, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Le développement de l’aide à la personne : pour quelle «professionnalisation» ?, V. Gosseaume, Céreq, Marseille, Net-doc, n° 62, mai, 156 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, France

. Évaluation des effets de la réforme de la taxe professionnelle sur la fiscalité des collectivités locales et sur les entreprises,  B. Durieux et P. Subremon, Ministère de l'Economie, de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi, mai, 69 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Le microcrédit : une opportunité économique et sociale ?, G. Labrune, Conseil économique, social et environnemental, Paris, Avis et rapports, n° 8, 94 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, France

. Rapport des ateliers de l'alternance et de l'apprentissage, Ministère de l'Economie, de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi, La Documentation française, Paris, 52 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France