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PAUVRETE - POVERTY 

. Armut im Alter - Ursachenanalyse und eine Projektion für das Jahr 2023, I. Kumpmann, M. Gühne und H. S. Buscher, Institut für Wirtschaftsforshung Halle, Halle, IWH-Diskussionspapiere, nr 8, S. 29 , (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Several factors bring about a rise in old age poverty in Germany, especially in East Germany. Using data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) we examine causes and extent of old age poverty in Germany. We begin our inquiry with a cross section regression in order to determine the impact of several factors on retirement incomes in Germany. In the second step we perform an income projection of today’s 50 to 55 year-old people for the year 2023. In doing so, we take into account different sources of income, including several forms of capital income and the calculated rent of owner-occupied houses and flats. We find a significant rise in old age poverty especially in East Germany as a consequence of rising unemployment after the German unification.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany

. Poverty and the life cycle in 20th century Ireland : Changing experiences of childhood, education and the transition to adulthood, J. Gray, Combat Poverty Agency, Dublin, Working paper, n° 10/04, May, 59 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area :  Irlande / Ireland

. The Poverty reduction capacity of private and public transfers in transition, P. Verme, Dipartimento di Economia "S. Cognetti de Martiis", Torino, Working paper, n° 7/2010, 41 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe de l'Est / Eastern Europe

. Who are America's poor children ? Examining food insecurity among children in the United States, V. R. Wight, K. Thampi and J. Briggs, National Center for Children in Poverty, New York, Report, August, 16 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. Young disadvantaged men : Fathers, families, poverty and policy : An introduction to the issues, T. M. Smeeding, I. Garfinkel and R. B. Mincy, Institute for Research on Poverty, Madison, Discussion paper, n° 1383-10, June, 28 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : This paper introduces the major themes associated with young disadvantaged men, including low educational achievement, joblessness, out-of-wedlock childbearing, and incarceration. By age 30, between 68 percent and 75 percent of young men with a high school degree or less are fathers (NLSY). Half of them are married when their first child is born and far fewer continue their education post-high school. The paper briefly reviews four major forces that help shape social and economic outcomes for young men who are fathers and for their partners and children: employment and earnings prospects; multiple-partner fertility; incarceration; and finally public policy, especially as it is reflected in the income support system and the child support system. The paper provides brief synopses of volume chapters to appear in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science in 2011. It ends with an exploration of policy solutions to the many challenges facing young disadvantaged men.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

EMPLOI - EMPLOYMENT

. Compétences pour les emplois verts, Cedefop, Thessaloniki, Note d'information, juillet, 4 p., (2010).
English version : "Skills for green jobs"
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Les difficultés d’insertion professionnelle des docteurs : les raisons d’une "exception française", M. Harfi et V. Auriol, Centre d’analyse stratégique, Paris, La note de Veille, n° 189, juillet, 12 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Dynamics of economic well-being : spells of unemployment, 2004-2007, T. Palumbo, US Census Bureau, Washington, Report, n° P70-120, July, 16 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. European Union labour survey : annual results 2009, N. Massarelli and M. Wozowczyk, Eurostat, Luxembourg, Data in focus, population and social conditions, n° 35/2010, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Labor market policy : A comparative view on the costs and benefits of labor market flexibility, L. M. Kahn, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, IZA discussion paper, n° 5100, July, 36 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : I review theories and evidence on wage-setting institutions and labor market policies in an international comparative context. These include collective bargaining, minimum wages, employment protection laws, unemployment insurance (UI), mandated parental leave, and active labor market policies (ALMPs). Since it is unlikely that an unregulated private sector would provide the income insurance these institutions do, these policies may enhance economic efficiency. However, to the extent that unemployment or resource misallocation results from such measures, these efficiency gains may be offset. Overall, Scandinavia and Central Europe follow distinctively more interventionist policies than the English speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Possible explanations for such differences include vulnerability to external market forces and ethnic homogeneity. I then review evidence on the impacts of these policies and institutions. While the interventionist model appears to cause lower levels of wage inequality and high levels of job security to incumbent workers, it also in some cases leads to the relegation of new entrants (disproportionately women, youth and immigrants) as well as the less skilled to temporary jobs or unemployment. Making labor markets more flexible could bring these groups into the regular labor market to a greater extent, at the expense of higher levels of economic insecurity for incumbents and higher levels of wage inequality. The Danish model of loosening employment protections while providing relatively generous UI benefits with strict job search requirements holds out the possibility of reducing barriers for new entrants and the less skilled while maintaining some level of income insurance.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Comparaisons internationales / International comparisons

. Mesurer le travail. Une contribution à l'histoire des enquêtes françaises dans ce domaine, M. Gollac et alii, Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi, Noisy-le-Grand, Document de travail, n° 127, juillet, 121 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Le texte étudie les conditions dans lesquelles se sont élaborés les principaux outils statistiques français sur les conditions de travail. Il vise notamment à expliquer l’ampleur prise par ces dispositifs, y compris dans des périodes où ces questions n’étaient pas au premier plan des préoccupations politiques et sociales dans notre pays. Dans les années qui ont suivi 1968 ces préoccupations étaient vives et ont présidé aux premières décisions de créations d’enquêtes. Mais, par la suite, celles-ci se sont développées en faisant largement appel aux réseaux de partenaires et aux appuis scientifiques constitués par les acteurs du dispositif statistique. Les objectifs assignés à ces dispositifs (en particulier le souci de sensibilisation et d’analyse scientifique plutôt que d’évaluations ciblées) ; les thématiques développées (en particulier l’extension progressive des questionnaires à des items concernant l’organisation du travail) et les grands choix de méthodes (par exemple l’élaboration de dispositifs « couplés » d’enquêtes auprès d’employeurs et de salariés) ont largement pris appui sur des réflexions autonomes des réseaux de statisticiens et de chercheurs impliqués dans ces opérations. Cette relative autonomie n’a pas nui – voire, a contribué – aux capacités du système à répondre aux préoccupations sociales, quand celles-ci se sont à nouveau faites plus présentes.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. The urgent need for job creation, J. Schmitt and T. Conroy, Center for Economic and Policy Research, Washington, July, 10 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Etats-Unis / United States

. Working and ageing : Emerging theories and empirical perspectives, Cedefop, Thessaloniki, Report, 366 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

. Working time developments : 2009, M. Carley, Eironline, Dublin, 31 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

REVENU - INCOME

. Income and longevity revisited : Do high-earning women live longer ?, F. Breyer and J. Marcus, DIW, Berlin, Discussion papers, n° 1037, July, 31 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : The empirical relationship between income and longevity has been addressed by a large number of studies, but most were confined to men. In particular, administrative data from public pension systems are less reliable for women because of the loose relationship between own earnings and household income. Following the procedure first used by Hupfeld (2010), we analyze a large data set from the German public pension scheme on women who died between 1994 and 2005, employing both non-parametric and parametric methods. To overcome the problem mentioned above we concentrate on women with relatively long earnings history. We find that the relationship between earnings and life expectancy is very similar for women as for men: Among women who contributed at least for 25 years, a woman at the 90th percentile of the income distribution can expect to live 3 years longer than a woman at the 10th percentile.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne / Germany

. Les revenus libéraux des médecins en 2007 et 2008, V. Bellamy, Drees, Paris, Etudes et résultats, n° 735, juillet, 8 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Les revenus des ménages entre 2002 et 2007. Un rééquilibrage entre territoires mais des disparités dans les pôles urbains, A-T. Aerts et S. Chirazi, Insee, Paris, Insee première, n° 1309, août, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Wage setting patterns and monetary policy : International evidence, G. Olivei and S. Tenreyro, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Working papers, n° 10-08, 78 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Systematic differences in the timing of wage setting decisions among industrialized countries provide an ideal framework to study the importance of wage rigidity in the transmission of monetary policy. The Japanese Shunto presents the best-known case of bunching in wage setting decisions: From February to May, most firms set wages that remain in place until the following year; wage rigidity, thus, is relatively higher immediately after the Shunto. Similarly, in the United States, a large fraction of firms adjust wages in the last quarter of the calendar year. In contrast, wage agreements in Germany are well spread within the year, implying a relatively uniform degree of rigidity. We exploit variation in the timing of wage setting decisions within the year in Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France to investigate the effects of monetary policy under different degrees of effective wage rigidity. Our findings lend support to the long-held, though scarcely tested, view that wage rigidity plays a key role in the transmission of monetary policy.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Comparaisons internationale / International comparisons

. Wages in the crisis, R. O'Farrell, ETUI, Brussels, Working paper, n° 2010.03, 34 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : The recent global recession has had differing effects on wages across Europe. This paper presents wage patterns for EU countries since the impact of the financial crisis, and compares them to previous trends. Wages in the countries hardest hit by the recession have underperformed when compared to past developments. The role of wages in determining international competitiveness is also examined and the importance of the general price level as opposed to wage levels is highlighted.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe

AUTRES DONNEES SOCIALES - OTHER SOCIAL ISSUES

. L’assurance maladie complémentaire : vecteur de la reproduction des inégalités dans l’emploi, J-P. Domin, Institut européen du Salariat, Paris, Les notes de l'IES, n° 14, juin-juillet, 4 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : France

. Concepts of social justice in the welfare state Great Britain and Germany since 1945, C. Torp, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, EUI working papers, n° RSCAS 2010/64, 27 p., (2010).

Résumé - Summary : Concepts of social justice are at the very heart of the welfare state. From the perspective of the history of institutions, the article reconstructs the principles of justice which underlie the architecture of the social security systems in Great Britain and Germany and analyses how they have changed since 1945. It turns out that in general both welfare states are based on mixtures of different concepts of justice. Parallels can be found above all in the health care systems, which in both countries are based on a combination of two principles – equality of access on the one side and treatment according to one’s needs on the other side. There are more significant differences, in contrast, in regard to insuring against unemployment and to pension systems, whereby the British welfare state entails a link between the norms of equality and of neediness, whereas in Germany the principle of the equivalence between contributions and benefits is deeply rooted. All path-dependencies notwithstanding, a convergence in the institutional arrangements of both welfare states can be traced over the last decades. In Britain as well as in Germany means-tested benefits and thus the principle of neediness became increasingly important, most notably in the field of unemployment benefits. At the same time, both welfare states experienced the rise of new concepts of justice starting from non-class groups like families, women or generations.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Allemagne, Royaume-Uni / Germany, United Kingdom

. A framework to measure the progress of societies, J. Hall and alii, OECD, Paris, Statistics directorate working paper, n° 34, July, 26 p., (2010).

Summary : Over the last three decades, a number of frameworks have been developed to promote and measure well-being, quality of life, human development and sustainable development. Some frameworks use a conceptual approach while others employ a consultative approach, and different initiatives to measure progress will require different frameworks. The aim of this paper is to present a proposed framework for measuring the progress of societies, and to compare it with other progress frameworks that are currently in use around the world. The framework does not aim to be definitive, but rather to suggest a common starting point that the authors believe is broad-based and flexible enough to be applied in many situations around the world. It is also the intention that the framework could be used to identify gaps in existing statistical standards and to guide work to fill these gaps.

Résumé : Pendant les trois dernières décennies, un certain nombre de cadres ont été développés afin de promouvoir et mesurer le bien-être, la qualité de la vie, le développement humain et le développement durable. Quelques cadres se servent d’une approche conceptuelle tandis que d'autres emploient une approche consultative. Des initiatives différentes pour mesurer le progrès exigeront des cadres différents. Ce papier a pour objectif de présenter une proposition de cadre pour mesurer le progrès de sociétés et de le comparer avec d'autres cadres de progrès qui sont utilisés en ce moment à travers le monde. Le cadre n'aspire pas à être définitif, mais suggère plutôt un point de départ commun que les auteurs croient universel et assez flexible pour être appliqué dans un grand nombre de situations à travers le monde. L'intention est également que ce cadre puisse être utilisé pour identifier des lacunes dans les normes statistiques existantes et guider le travail afin de combler ces lacunes.
Zone géographique / Geographical area : none

. Les réformes des retraites en Europe dans la crise, G. Cornilleau et alii, OFCE, Paris, Document de travail, n° 2010-17, juillet, 216 p., (2010).
Zone géographique / Geographical area : Europe, Etats-Unis / Europe, United States